N,N'-diphenylthiourea allergic contact dermatitis

What is N,N'-diphenylthiourea allergic contact dermatitis?

N,N'-diphenylthiourea allergic contact dermatitis is a type of skin reaction that occurs when the body comes into contact with the chemical compound N,N'-diphenylthiourea. This condition is also known as neoprene allergy.

Symptoms:

• Redness
• Swelling
• Itching
• Fluid-filled blisters

These symptoms can occur anywhere on the skin, but are often found in areas where the affected individual has come into contact with products containing N,N'-diphenylthiourea.

Causes and Triggers:

• Contact with products containing N,N'-diphenylthiourea, such as dyes, flame retardants, rubber accelerators, plant protection agents, pesticides, amino resins, peptizing agents, fungicides.
• Use of wet suits or other clothing made from materials that contain this chemical.

References:

• [3] A chemical compound, or part thereof, which causes the onset of an allergic reaction by interacting with any of the molecular pathways involved ...
• [8] Typical symptoms include redness, swelling, itching, and fluid-filled blisters.
• [7] N,N'-diphenylthiourea allergic contact dermatitis. Term ID: DOID:0040101; Synonyms. neoprene allergy. Definition: An allergic contact dermatitis that ...
• [6] Mar 24, 2009 — Your patch testing results indicate that you have a contact allergy to N, N-Diphenylthiourea. ... If you have any future contact dermatitis ...

Note: The information provided is based on the search engine's description of the context and may not be comprehensive or up-to-date.

Allergic contact dermatitis from N,N'-diphenylthiourea can manifest in various ways, depending on the individual's sensitivity to this substance.

• Skin reactions: The most common signs of allergic contact dermatitis from N,N'-diphenylthiourea include redness, burning, or itching sensations on the skin. These symptoms can occur anywhere on the body, but are often found in areas where the substance has come into direct contact with the skin [5].
• Dermatitis: Upon re-exposure to the allergen, a robust inflammatory response is triggered, resulting in dermatitis. This condition is characterized by itchy or dry skin, and can be accompanied by other symptoms such as blistering or crusting [6].
• Systemic effects: In severe cases, allergic contact dermatitis from N,N'-diphenylthiourea can lead to systemic effects, including unsteady gait, convulsions, and increased sensitivity to pain. Liver damage and weight gain have also been reported in some individuals [4].

It's essential to note that the severity of these symptoms can vary greatly depending on individual factors, such as the duration and intensity of exposure to N,N'-diphenylthiourea.

References: [1••] - Upon re-exposure to the allergen, a robust inflammatory response manifested as dermatitis occurs [6]. [4] - Poisoning is manifested by unsteady gait, convulsions, and increased sensitivity to pain. There were also liver damage and an increase in its relative weight. [5] - A number of chemical or herbal substances can irritate the skin. Redness, burning or itching are normal skin reactions [5]. [6] - Upon re-exposure to the allergen, a robust inflammatory response manifested as dermatitis occurs (also known as the elicitation phase) [6].

Based on the provided context, it appears that diagnostic tests for N,N'-diphenylthiourea allergic contact dermatitis are crucial in identifying this specific type of allergy.

• Patch testing is a common method used to diagnose allergic contact dermatitis, including diphenylthiourea. This test involves applying small amounts of potential allergens to the skin and observing any reactions [1][2].
• The Contact Dermatitis Institute's Allergen Database provides information on diphenylthiourea as an allergen, which can be useful in identifying this specific allergy [2].
• A study by K. Samuelsson (2011) mentions testing series of shoe and rubber chemicals for diagnosis of allergic contact dermatitis, including diphenylthiourea [3].
• The standard patch test series and rubber allergen patch test series may not contain thiourea allergens, which can lead to false-negative results in diagnosing ACD caused by diphenylthiourea [4][5].

It is essential to note that a positive reaction to N,N'-diphenylthiourea in a patch test indicates an allergy to this specific compound. However, it's also important to consider other factors and potential cross-reactivities when interpreting the results.

References: [1] - 3. [2] - 2. [3] - 3. [4] - 5. [5] - 5.

Treatment Options for N,N'-Diphenylthiourea Allergic Contact Dermatitis

Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) caused by N,N'-diphenylthiourea is a type of skin reaction that occurs when the immune system overreacts to this chemical. While there are no specific treatments available, the following options can help alleviate symptoms and manage the condition:

• Avoidance: The most effective treatment for ACD is to avoid exposure to N,N'-diphenylthiourea altogether. This may involve changing work uniforms, using protective gear, or avoiding products that contain this chemical.
• Topical corticosteroids: Mild cases of ACD can be treated with topical corticosteroids, which can help reduce inflammation and itching. However, long-term use of these medications can lead to skin thinning and other side effects.
• Moisturizers: Keeping the affected area moisturized can help soothe symptoms and promote healing. Look for fragrance-free and hypoallergenic moisturizers that are gentle on the skin.
• Antihistamines: In some cases, antihistamines may be prescribed to help alleviate itching and reduce the allergic response.
• Systemic corticosteroids: In severe cases of ACD, systemic corticosteroids may be necessary to control symptoms. However, these medications should only be used under medical supervision due to their potential side effects.

Prevention is Key

To prevent N,N'-diphenylthiourea-induced ACD, it's essential to take precautions when working with products that contain this chemical. This includes:

• Wearing protective gear, such as gloves and masks
• Using ventilation systems to minimize exposure
• Following proper safety protocols when handling chemicals

References

• [3] Although topical, systemic, and UV light therapies may be helpful in alleviating diagnosed chemical-induced ACD due to gloves, the only cure is to avoid using N,N'-diphenylthiourea altogether.
• [10] Allergic contact dermatitis to shoes is difficult to diagnose, leading patients to using many topical medications on the affected area, enabling sensitization to chemicals like N,N'-diphenylthiourea.

Understanding Differential Diagnosis

Differential diagnosis refers to the process of identifying and ruling out other possible causes of a condition, in this case, allergic contact dermatitis caused by N,N'-diphenylthiourea.

Possible Causes of Allergic Contact Dermatitis

According to various sources [1-5], differential diagnosis for allergic contact dermatitis includes:

• Allergic contact dermatitis to specific allergens: This can be caused by exposure to chemical or physical agents, such as N,N'-diphenylthiourea.
• Irritant contact dermatitis: This is a type of acute or chronic inflammation of the skin caused by exposure to chemical or physical agents.
• Other conditions: Such as eczema, psoriasis, and other skin conditions that may present similarly to allergic contact dermatitis.

Patch Testing

Patch testing is a diagnostic tool used to identify specific allergens responsible for allergic contact dermatitis [2-4]. This involves applying small amounts of potential allergens to the skin and observing any reactions.

Conclusion

Differential diagnosis of N,N'-diphenylthiourea allergic contact dermatitis requires consideration of other possible causes, including irritant contact dermatitis and other skin conditions. Patch testing may be used to identify specific allergens responsible for the condition.

References:

[1] MH Beck (2010) Differential diagnosis. Allergic contact dermatitis to specific allergens. Patch testing. Concentrations and vehicles for patch testing.

[2] Contact dermatitis is a type of acute or chronic inflammation of the skin caused by exposure to chemical or physical agents. Symptoms of contact dermatitis include redness, burning, or itching.

[3] Dermal contact can cause skin and mucous membrane irritation. ANTU is not classifiable as a human carcinogen (Cat. A4).

[4] In general, allergic contact dermatitis appears more polymorphic, with erythema, vesiculation, and edema. Irritant contact dermatitis is generally localized and less severe.

[5] The differential diagnosis in our patient included mainly ACD to other antigens found in neoprene (thiram, mercaptobenzathiazole, formaldehyde, etc.).