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obsolete cutaneous strongyloidiasis
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Description
Cutaneous Strongyloidiasis: An Obsolete Condition?
While strongyloidiasis, a parasitic disease caused by the roundworm Strongyloides stercoralis, is still prevalent in many parts of the world [3], cutaneous strongyloidiasis, a specific manifestation of this disease, appears to be an obsolete condition.
Definition and Symptoms
Cutaneous strongyloidiasis was characterized by a dermatitis caused by the invasion and migration of Strongyloides stercoralis larvae in the skin [8]. The symptoms included local irritation due to skin penetration by the larva, dry cough due to tracheal irritation caused by larval migration [2], and abdominal pain, diarrhea, and larva currens rash (a type of skin lesion) in some cases [10].
Current Status
However, with the advancement of medical knowledge and diagnostic techniques, cutaneous strongyloidiasis is no longer considered a distinct entity. The disease is now understood to be a part of the broader spectrum of strongyloidiasis, which affects various organs, including the lungs, liver, kidneys, and brain [5].
Conclusion
In conclusion, while cutaneous strongyloidiasis was once recognized as a specific condition, it has largely become an obsolete term in modern medical practice. The focus now lies on diagnosing and treating the more severe manifestations of strongyloidiasis.
References:
[1] Not applicable (no relevant information found)
[2] by P Piranavan · 2020 · Cited by 2 — Acute symptoms are local irritation due to skin penetration by the larva, dry cough due to tracheal irritation caused by larval migration ...
[3] Strongyloides stercoralis is a roundworm that can infect humans when its larvae penetrate the skin. S. stercoralis is estimated to infect 30–
Additional Characteristics
- A specific manifestation of strongyloidiasis caused by the invasion and migration of Strongyloides stercoralis larvae in the skin.
- Characterized by local irritation due to skin penetration by the larva, dry cough due to tracheal irritation caused by larval migration, and abdominal pain, diarrhea, and larva currens rash.
- No longer considered a distinct entity as it is now understood to be a part of the broader spectrum of strongyloidiasis affecting various organs.
Signs and Symptoms
Common symptoms of obsolete cutaneous strongyloidiasis include:
- A localized pruritic, erythematous rash at the site of skin penetration [14]
- Itchy, red rash where the parasite entered the skin [10]
These symptoms are typically observed in the early stages of infection and can occur immediately after the parasite enters the body.
Other possible symptoms may include:
- Abdominal pain or discomfort
- Diarrhea
- Nausea
However, it's worth noting that these symptoms are not specific to cutaneous strongyloidiasis and can be caused by other conditions as well.
It's also important to note that:
- In disseminated strongyloidiasis, patients' symptoms can be more severe and widespread, affecting various organs of the body [14]
- Dogs may be infected without showing symptoms, but for puppies and dogs with a weakened immune system, the disease can be serious and even fatal [5]
It's always best to consult a medical professional for an accurate diagnosis and treatment plan.
Diagnostic Tests
Diagnostic Tests for Obsolete Cutaneous Strongyloidiasis
Obsolete cutaneous strongyloidiasis, also known as cutaneous larva migrans (CLM), is a skin condition caused by the larvae of the parasitic worm Strongyloides stercoralis. The diagnosis of CLM can be made through various tests. Here are some of the diagnostic tests used for obsolete cutaneous strongyloidiasis:
- Microscopic examination: A sample from the affected area is examined under a microscope to look for larvae or eggs of the parasite [1].
- Stool studies: Stool samples are examined for the presence of S. stercoralis larvae, which can be done through microscopy, agar plate culture, PCR (if available), and serology (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays) [2].
- Serological tests: Blood tests can also be used to detect antibodies against S. stercoralis, although this is not a definitive diagnostic test [3].
- Baermann method: This is the test of choice for isolating and identifying S. stercoralis larvae from stool samples [4].
It's worth noting that the diagnosis of CLM can be challenging, and a combination of clinical presentation and laboratory tests may be needed to confirm the diagnosis.
References:
[1] S Puthiyakunnon (2014) - Direct smear examination of stool in saline and Lugol's iodine stain has been used to discern larvae in stool and is performed as a definitive diagnostic test. [2] P Piranavan (2020) - The diagnosis is based on stool studies (microscopy, agar plate culture, PCR where available) and serology (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, ... [3] by S Puthiyakunnon · 2014 · Cited by 304 — Other methods of diagnosis include Baermann's and formalin-ethyl acetate concentration techniques, with improved sensitivity of stool exams. [4] Dec 6, 2023 — The Baermann method is the test of choice for S. stercoralis larval isolation and identification.
Additional Diagnostic Tests
- Serological tests
- Microscopic examination
- Stool studies
- Baermann method
Treatment
**Treatment Options for Obsolete Cutaneous Strongyloidias
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Differential Diagnosis
Cutaneous Strongyloidiasis Differential Diagnosis
Cutaneous strongyloidiasis, a rare manifestation of the parasitic infection strongyloidiasis, presents with distinctive skin symptoms. When considering differential diagnoses for this condition, several other dermatological conditions should be taken into account.
- Subcutaneous nodules or granulomas: These can be caused by various species and may present similarly to cutaneous strongyloidiasis.
- Eosinophilic disorders: Conditions like eosinophilia can have overlapping symptoms with cutaneous strongyloidiasis, making differential diagnosis crucial.
- Parasitic infections: Other parasitic diseases, such as hookworm or roundworm infestations, may exhibit similar skin manifestations.
Key Considerations
When differentiating between these conditions and cutaneous strongyloidiasis, the following factors should be considered:
- Geographic location: Strongyloidiasis is more common in tropical regions.
- Immunocompromised status: Individuals with weakened immune systems are more susceptible to strongyloidiasis.
- Clinical presentation: The presence of gastrointestinal symptoms, respiratory issues, and eosinophilia can aid in diagnosis.
Diagnostic Tools
Accurate diagnosis relies on a combination of clinical evaluation, laboratory tests, and imaging studies. These may include:
- Blood tests: To detect eosinophilia or other markers of parasitic infection.
- Stool analysis: To identify the presence of strongyloides larvae.
- Imaging studies: Such as X-rays or CT scans to visualize subcutaneous nodules or granulomas.
Treatment and Management
Once diagnosed, treatment typically involves antiparasitic medication, such as ivermectin. In some cases, corticosteroids may be prescribed to manage eosinophilic symptoms.
References
- [1] by R Yang · 2024 — Larva currens is a rare and pathognomonic cutaneous sign of strongyloidiasis, but is poorly described due to its unpredictable and fleeting nature.
- [3] The differential diagnosis for patients with eosinophilia includes other parasitic and nonparasitic disorders.
- [9] by K Karthikeyan · 2002 — This dermatosis requires differential diagnosis from other parasitoses e.g., subcutaneous nodules or granulomas due to other species, and different pictures.
- [10] by A Multani · 2018 — Serologic diagnosis of strongyloidiasis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is often more sensitive than microscopic examination of clinical specimens.
Additional Differential Diagnoses
- Subcutaneous nodules or granulomas
- Eosinophilic disorders
- Parasitic infections
Additional Information
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- disease_ontology
- oboInOwl#id
- DOID:0050007
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- IAO_0000115
- A strongyloidiasis that involves parasitic infection by the filariform larvae of Strongyloides stercoralis, which penetrate the human skin causing urticarial rashes in the buttocks and waist areas.
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- obsolete cutaneous strongyloidiasis
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- https://w3id.org/def/predibionto#has_symptom_110
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