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mineral metabolism disease
ICD-10 Codes
Description
Mineral Metabolism Disorders: A Comprehensive Overview
Mineral metabolism disorders refer to abnormalities in the levels of essential minerals such as calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium in the body [2]. These disorders can lead to a wide range of complications, including fluid and electrolyte imbalances, mineral imbalances, and hormonal imbalances that may result in anemia [3].
Causes and Effects
Mineral metabolism disorders can be caused by various factors, such as:
- Defective mineralization of the epiphyseal growth plate, leading to conditions like rickets [4]
- Abnormalities in calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium metabolism, which may result in osteoporosis, vitamin D deficiency, Paget's disease, and other related conditions [5]
These disorders can worsen with loss of kidney function, characterized by vitamin D deficiency, elevated levels of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23), and decreased levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH) [6].
Symptoms and Diagnosis
Metabolic bone disorders result from abnormally low levels of calcium and phosphorus, essential minerals that support the growth and strength of bones [8]. Symptoms may include:
- Weak or brittle bones
- Abnormal bone growth or development
- Muscle weakness or cramps
- Fatigue or lethargy
Diagnosis is typically made through a combination of medical history, physical examination, laboratory tests (such as blood work and imaging studies), and sometimes, a biopsy [8].
Treatment and Management
Treatment for mineral metabolism disorders depends on the underlying cause and may involve:
- Dietary changes to ensure adequate intake of essential minerals
- Supplements or medications to correct mineral imbalances
- Hormone replacement therapy in cases of hormonal imbalances
- Physical therapy or exercise programs to maintain bone health and strength
Early detection and treatment can help prevent complications and improve quality of life for individuals with mineral metabolism disorders [9].
References
[2] Mineral metabolism disorders are abnormal levels of minerals – either too much or too little – in the blood.
[3] A wide range of disorders may develop, including fluid and electrolyte imbalances, mineral imbalances, hormonal imbalances that lead to anemia and ...
[4] Feb 14, 2019 — Metabolic Bone Disease Rickets occurs when there is defective mineralization of the epiphyseal growth plate.
[5] by M Komoroski · 2014 · Cited by 21 — These diseases include osteoporosis, vitamin D deficiency, Paget's disease, and alterations in calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium metabolism.
[6] by C Robinson-Cohen · 2020 · Cited by 4 — Disturbances in mineral metabolism worsen with loss of kidney function, and are characterized by vitamin D deficiency, elevated levels of fibroblast growth ...
[8] Metabolic bone disorders result from abnormally low levels of calcium and phosphorus, minerals that support the growth and strength of the bones.
[9] Aug 7, 2023 — Metabolic bone diseases are a group of conditions that affect bone mass, bone turnover and bone growth.
Additional Characteristics
- Abnormalities in the levels of essential minerals such as calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium
- Fluid and electrolyte imbalances, mineral imbalances, hormonal imbalances that may result in anemia
- Weak or brittle bones, abnormal bone growth or development, muscle weakness or cramps, fatigue or lethargy
- Defective mineralization of the epiphyseal growth plate, rickets
- Osteoporosis, vitamin D deficiency, Paget's disease, alterations in calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium metabolism
- Vitamin D deficiency, elevated levels of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23), decreased levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH)
- Dietary changes to ensure adequate intake of essential minerals, supplements or medications to correct mineral imbalances
- Hormone replacement therapy in cases of hormonal imbalances, physical therapy or exercise programs to maintain bone health and strength
Signs and Symptoms
Common Signs and Symptoms of Mineral Metabolism Diseases
Mineral metabolism diseases, also known as metabolic bone disorders, can manifest in various ways depending on the specific condition. Here are some common signs and symptoms:
- Bone-related issues: Weakened bones, loss of bone mass, frequent fractures, or delayed growth in children [1][3]
- Pain and discomfort: Aching pain, bone pain, and muscle aches [4][6]
- Muscle weakness: Weakness and muscle spasms due to electrolyte imbalances [7]
- Growth problems: Slow or irregular growth in children [2][5]
- Other symptoms: Vomiting, increased thirst, and urination, intolerance for protein-rich food, symptomatic hyperammonemia, failure to thrive [4][8]
These symptoms can vary in severity and may not be present at all stages of the disease. It's essential to consult a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and treatment plan.
References: [1] Context result 1 [2] Context result 2 [3] Context result 3 [4] Context result 4 [5] Context result 5 [6] Context result 6 [7] Context result 7 [8] Context result 8
Additional Symptoms
- Other symptoms
- Pain and discomfort
- Bone-related issues
- Growth problems
- muscle weakness
Diagnostic Tests
Diagnostic Tests for Mineral Metabolism Disorders
Mineral metabolism disorders, also known as electrolyte imbalances, can be diagnosed through various laboratory tests and medical procedures.
- Comprehensive Metabolic Panel (CMP): A routine blood test that measures 14 different substances in a sample of your blood, including minerals such as calcium, phosphorus, and potassium [2].
- Basic Metabolic Panel (BMP): Measures eight different substances in your blood, providing important information about your body's fluid balance and mineral levels [6].
- Blood tests: Your doctor can prescribe blood tests to check for abnormalities in mineral levels, such as serum calcium and phosphorus [3].
- Urine testing: Urine tests can also be used to diagnose mineral metabolism disorders by measuring the levels of minerals such as calcium and phosphorus in your urine.
- Imaging tests: Imaging tests such as ultrasound, abdominal X-rays, or an EKG may be ordered to rule out other conditions that may be causing symptoms [4].
- Bone density testing: Bone density testing, such as a DEXA (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry) scan, can help diagnose mineral metabolism disorders related to bone health [7].
Genetic Testing
In some cases, genetic testing may be recommended to identify the underlying cause of persistent symptoms in patients suspected of having metabolic disorders [8].
Important Considerations
It's essential to note that a correct diagnostic workup for mineral metabolism disorders can no longer be limited to periodic laboratory measurements of circulating levels of PTH, calcium, and phosphorus [9]. A comprehensive approach is necessary to accurately diagnose and treat these conditions.
References:
[1] Not provided in the context [2] Context #2 [3] Context #3 [4] Context #4 [5] Not provided in the context [6] Context #6 [7] Context #7 [8] Context #8 [9] Context #9
Additional Diagnostic Tests
- Comprehensive Metabolic Panel (CMP)
- Blood tests
- Basic Metabolic Panel (BMP)
- Genetic Testing
- Imaging tests
- Urine testing
- Bone density testing
Treatment
Treatment Options for Mineral Metabolism Diseases
Mineral metabolism diseases, such as hyperphosphatemia and hypocalcemia, require careful management to prevent complications. The following treatment options are
Recommended Medications
💊 Drug information is sourced from ChEBI (Chemical Entities of Biological Interest) database. Always consult with a healthcare professional before starting any medication. Click on any medication name for detailed information.
Differential Diagnosis
The differential diagnosis for mineral metabolism diseases involves considering various conditions that can cause disturbances in mineral balance and bone mineralization.
- Metabolic Bone Diseases: These include osteoporosis, osteomalacia (rickets), and hyperparathyroidism. These conditions can cause weakened bones, loss of bone density, and frequent fractures [8].
- Disorders of Melanin Metabolism: While not directly related to mineral metabolism, disorders of melanin metabolism can sometimes present with skin manifestations that may be confused with mineral-related diseases [9].
- Kidney Disease: Mineral and bone disorder is a common complication of kidney disease, characterized by imbalances in calcium and phosphorus levels. Symptoms include bone pain and heart issues [7].
It's essential to consider these conditions when diagnosing mineral metabolism diseases, as they can present with similar symptoms.
References: [7] - Mineral and bone disorder occurs in kidney disease due to imbalances in calcium and phosphorus. [8] - Metabolic bone diseases include osteoporosis, osteomalacia (rickets) and hyperparathyroidism. These conditions can cause weakened bone, loss of bone, frequent fractures. [9] - The various differential diagnoses of diffuse hyperpigmentations are discussed in Chap. 70, “Disorders of Melanin Metabolism”.
Additional Differential Diagnoses
- Metabolic Bone Diseases
- Disorders of Melanin Metabolism
- kidney disease
Additional Information
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