obsolete hepatic Torque teno virus infectious disease

Torque Teno Virus (TTV) Infections in Humans

Torque teno virus (TTV) was first identified in Japanese patients with acute post-transfusion hepatitis in 1997. However, subsequent studies have shown that TTV is a highly prevalent and non-pathogenic DNA virus that can be detected in up to 90% of healthy individuals [1][5]. Despite its widespread presence, TTV has not been described to cause any human disease [2].

Characteristics of TTV

TTV is a small, single-stranded, circular DNA virus with a highly diverse genome. It belongs to the Anellovirus family and is morphologically similar to circoviruses [4]. The virus is non-enveloped and has been detected in various bodily fluids, including blood and urine.

Association with Immune Status

Studies have suggested that TTV plasma levels may be associated with the immune status of the host. In patients receiving immunosuppression after solid organ transplantation, TTV viremia was associated with acute cellular rejection and infection within the first year after liver transplantation [9]. However, the exact role of TTV in these processes remains unclear.

Prevalence and Transmission

TTV is highly prevalent in healthy individuals, with detection rates ranging from 70% to 90% [1][5]. The virus is thought to be transmitted through fecal-oral contact or other routes, but the exact mechanisms are not well understood.

Conclusion

In summary, Torque teno virus (TTV) infections in humans appear to be non-pathogenic and highly prevalent. While TTV has been associated with immune status and liver disease, further research is needed to fully understand its role in human health.

References:

[1] F Haupenthal · 2023 · Cited by 34 — TTV can be detected in up to 90% of healthy individuals and has not been described to cause any human disease. [2] by MB Roberts · 2021 · Cited by 160 — Torque teno virus (TTV, an anellovirus) is ubiquitous but of unknown pathogenic significance. TTV viremia is related to the degree of immunosuppression; higher ... [3] The torque teno viruses are genetically heterogeneous single-stranded circular DNA viruses that are morphologically similar to circoviruses. [4] by F Haupenthal · 2023 · Cited by 34 — TTV can be detected in up to 90% of healthy individuals and has not been described to cause any human disease. [5] Torque Teno Virus (TTV) is a highly prevalent, non‐pathogenic DNA virus whose plasma levels may be associated with the immune status of the host. The aim of ... [6] by P Wohlfarth · 2018 · Cited by 59 — Torquetenovirus (TTV) has been proposed as a marker of immune function in patients receiving immunosuppression after solid organ transplantation. [7] Jul 18, 2023 — TTV viraemia (TTVv) was associated with acute cellular rejection and infection within the first year after liver transplantation (LT). Long-term ... [8] The meaning of DESCRIPTION is an act of describing; specifically : discourse intended to give a mental image of something experienced. How to use description in a sentence. Synonym Discussion of Description. [9] Core tip: The way towards unity of view. Download full-text PDF. Read full-text. Download citation. Copy link Link copied. Read full-text. Download citation. [10] TTV. TTV is a non-enveloped, circular single-strand deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) virus, first identified in Japanese patients with acute post-transfusion hepatitis in 1997[].TTV is a member of the Anellovirus family, together with two additional viruses, torque teno mini virus and torque teno midi virus, thus named because of their smaller genomes[].

Based on the provided context, it appears that there are several search results related to Torque Teno Virus (TTV) and its effects on the liver.

According to search result [2], approximately 20% of individuals infected with HGV (which is likely a reference to Torque T

Diagnostic Tests for Obsolete Hepatic Torque Teno Virus Infectious Disease

The diagnostic tests for obsolete hepatic torque teno virus (TTV) infectious disease have evolved over the years. According to recent studies, metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) has emerged as an effective method for the noninvasive and precise detection of infectious pathogens, including TTV [1][2].

Traditional Diagnostic Methods

In the past, traditional diagnostic methods such as Torque teno virus (TTV) DNA in plasma was quantified by real-time PCR at different time-points during the first year after transplant in a prospectively followed cohort of 63 de novo liver transplant patients [8]. However, these methods had limitations and were not always reliable.

Advancements in Diagnostic Tests

Recent advancements in diagnostic tests have

Treatment Options for Hepatic Torque Teno Virus (TTV) Infection

According to the available information, there is no specific treatment indicated for Hepatic Torque Teno Virus (TTV) infection. The virus has been reported to respond to no treatment, and significant symptoms or liver damage have not been observed [14].

However, research on immunosuppressive agents suggests that some treatments may be effective in managing the disease. A review of common immunosuppressive agents describes their effects and summarizes data on management of immunosuppression during infection in transplant patients [12]. Another study explores the use of TTV-guided immunosuppression, which may provide a potential treatment approach [13].

It is essential to note that these findings are based on research and may not directly apply to Hepatic Torque Teno Virus (TTV) infection. Further studies are needed to determine effective treatment options for this disease.

References:

• [14] No specific treatment indicated for Hepatic Torque Teno Virus (TTV) infection.
• [12] Review of common immunosuppressive agents and management of immunosuppression during infection in transplant patients.
• [13] Study on TTV-guided immunosuppression.

Understanding Differential Diagnosis

Differential diagnosis refers to the process of identifying and ruling out other possible causes