obsolete Hepeviridae infectious disease

Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) Disease Description

The hepatitis E virus (HEV) was previously considered a disease of the developing world, but it is now recognized as a significant global public health concern. HEV is one of the leading causes of acute viral hepatitis worldwide.

• Transmission: The transmission of HEV mainly occurs via the fecal-oral route (ingesting contaminated food or water).
• Symptoms: The prodrome and clinical symptoms are indistinguishable from other forms of hepatitis, including:
  • Nausea
  • Fever
  • Vomiting
  • Abdominal pain
  • Anorexia
  • Fatigue
• Global Impact: HEV is estimated to cause 20 million infections and up to 70,000 deaths annually worldwide.
• Neurological Manifestation: Research indicates that neurological manifestation of HEV is a rare but still underestimated course of disease, occurring at any age and gender.

HEV was previously classified as an obsolete Hepeviridae infectious disease, but it remains a significant public health concern today. [1][2][3][4][5]

Based on the provided context, it appears that there are no search results related to signs and symptoms of an obsolete Hepeviridae infectious disease.

However, I can provide information on Hepatitis E virus (HEV), which is a member of the Hepeviridae family. According

Based on the provided context, it appears that there are several diagnostic tests available for detecting infections caused by the Hepeviridae family, which includes hepatitis E virus (HEV).

Diagnostic Testing

According to search result [1], diagnostic testing should include both anti-HEV-IgM (and anti-HEV-IgG) and HEV-RNA in serum or stool. This is also supported by search result [4], which states that diagnostic testing should include both anti-HEV-IgM (and anti-HEV-IgG) and HEV-RNA in serum or stool.

Specific Laboratory Tests

Search result [3] mentions specific laboratory tests like the classical HEV IgM/IgG antibodies, HEV RNA, and the recently developed novel HEV Ag, and IgG avidity based methods. These tests can aid in diagnosis of HEV infections.

Stool Tests and Serological Analysis

Search result [2] notes that stool tests and serological analysis aid in diagnosis. A liver biopsy demonstrates periportal fibrosis, indicating liver damage due to the infection.

Other Diagnostic Methods

Search result [10] mentions that direct molecular assays are needed to detect HEV infection, as antibody tests can be unreliable. This highlights the importance of using multiple diagnostic methods to confirm a diagnosis.

In summary, diagnostic testing for obsolete Hepeviridae infectious diseases involves a combination of anti-HEV-IgM and IgG antibodies, HEV-RNA detection in serum or stool, and specific laboratory tests such as classical HEV IgM/IgG antibodies and novel HEV Ag. Stool tests and serological analysis can also aid in diagnosis.

References: [1] M Wiesenfarth · 2024 · Cited by 5 [2] U Shah · Cited by 1 [3] P Pankovics · 2020 · Cited by 12 [4] M Wiesenfarth · 2024 · Cited by 5 [10] JH Hoofnagle · 2012 · Cited by 669

Based on the provided context, it appears that you are looking for information on the drug treatment of an outdated Hepatitis B infection.

Current Treatment Options

According to search result [3], currently, six medications are available for HBV (Hepatitis B Virus) treatment, including interferon and five nucleoside/nucleotide analogues. These medications have been the treatment of choice for chronic hepatitis B during the last decades.

First-Line Treatment Options

Search result [7] mentions that Entecavir and tenofovir are first-line treatment options for oral antiviral therapy in patients with HBV infection. Pegylated interferon is an alternative option

Differential Diagnosis of Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) Infection

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection, previously classified under the family Hepeviridae, is a viral hepatitis caused by a RNA virus. When encountering patients with symptoms of viral hepatitis, it's essential to consider HEV infection in the differential diagnosis, especially if serologic markers for other forms of hepatitis are negative.

Differential Diagnosis Considerations

• Liver Injury during Peritoneal Dialysis (PD): In patients developing liver injury during PD, HEV infection should be included in the differential diagnosis [2][4].
• Acute and Self-Limiting Hepatitis: HEV infections have diverse clinical manifestations, including acute and self-limiting hepatitis, acute-on-chronic liver disease, chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and more [1][5].
• Negative Serologic Markers: In cases where serologic markers for other forms of hepatitis are negative, HEV infection should be considered in the differential diagnosis [3].

Other Conditions to Consider

• Mild Acute Cellular Rejection: This condition can present with similar symptoms and may require differentiation from HEV infection.
• Drug-Induced Liver Injury: Certain medications, such as ezetimibe and alfuzosin, can cause liver injury that may be mistaken for HEV infection [8].

Quality of Guidelines

Recent studies have aimed to systematically assess the quality of guidelines for diagnosing and treating HEV infection, highlighting the need for standardized approaches and updated recommendations [9].

References:

[1] Aslan AT (2020) - Cited by 177 [2] Yan T (2022) - Cited by 2 [3] Diagnosis and Treatment​​ (no author) [4] Yan T (2022) - Cited by 2 [5] Aslan AT (2020) - Cited by 177 [6] Bricks G (2019) - Cited by 19 [7] Wiesenfarth M (2024) - Cited by 5 [8] Lee GH (2016) - Cited by 615 [9] Gu T (2024)