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bradyopsia
ICD-10 Codes
Related ICD-10:
Description
What is Bradypnea?
Bradypnea refers to an abnormally slow respiratory rate, which can be a sign of an underlying health condition [8]. It's characterized by breathing at a slower rate than usual for one's age and activity level [1]. For most adults, this would mean a rate below 12 breaths per minute [3].
Causes and Symptoms
Bradypnea can be caused by various factors such as hypothyroidism, head injuries, or opioid use [9]. It may also be a symptom of other underlying conditions. The condition can lead to inadequate oxygen supply to the body, which can have serious consequences if left untreated.
Comparison with Other Respiratory Conditions
Bradypnea is distinct from apnea, which refers to breathing that stops from any cause [6], and tachypnea, which is an elevated breathing rate characterized by shallow breaths [5].
Key Points
- Bradypnea is an abnormally slow respiratory rate.
- It can be a sign of underlying health conditions such as hypothyroidism or head injuries.
- The condition can lead to inadequate oxygen supply if left untreated.
- It's different from apnea and tachypnea, which refer to stopped breathing and rapid shallow breathing respectively.
Citations: [1] - Context 1 [3] - Context 3 [5] - Context 5 [6] - Context 6 [8] - Context 8 [9] - Context 9
Additional Characteristics
- an abnormally slow respiratory rate
- a sign of an underlying health condition such as hypothyroidism or head injuries
- can lead to inadequate oxygen supply if left untreated
- distinct from apnea and tachypnea
Signs and Symptoms
Common Signs and Symptoms of Bradyopsis
Bradyopsis, also known as abnormally slow breathing rate, can manifest in various ways. Some common signs and symptoms include:
- Dizziness: Feeling lightheaded or dizzy due to inadequate oxygen supply [3]
- Decreased energy: Feeling weak or fatigued due to insufficient oxygenation of the body's tissues [2]
- Weakness: Generalized weakness, which can be a result of reduced oxygen delivery to muscles and other organs [5]
- Fainting: Near-fainting or actual fainting episodes due to temporary loss of consciousness caused by low blood pressure [3][8]
- Chest pain: Pain or discomfort in the chest area, often accompanied by shortness of breath [3][8]
- Shortness of breath: Difficulty breathing or feeling winded even when at rest [3][8]
- Memory impairment: Confusion or difficulty concentrating due to reduced oxygen supply to the brain [3][8]
It's essential to note that these symptoms can vary in severity and may be influenced by individual factors, such as age, overall health, and underlying medical conditions.
References: [1] Not applicable (initial query was about bradypnea, not bradyopsis) [2] Nov 12, 2018 - Context result 2 [3] Context results 3, 8 [5] Context result 5
Additional Symptoms
- Fainting
- Shortness of breath
- Decreased energy
- chest pain
- memory impairment
- weakness
- dizziness
Diagnostic Tests
Based on the provided context, here are some diagnostic tests associated with Bradyopsia:
- Sequence analysis of the entire coding region: This test can be used to detect mutations in the RGS9 and RGS9BP genes, which are associated with Bradyopsia (Source: [5])
- Next-Generation (NGS)/Massively parallel sequencing: This test can also be used to detect mutations in the RGS9 and RGS9BP genes (Source: [5])
- Dark–adaptation tests: These tests can help assess the delayed adaptation to changes in luminance levels, which is a characteristic of Bradyopsia (Source: [6][7])
- Colour tests: These tests can help rule out other conditions that may affect colour vision, and confirm that colour vision is unaffected in individuals with Bradyopsia (Source: [4][7])
- Fluoresceine angiography: This test can be used to assess the retinal vasculature and detect any abnormalities (Source: [7])
- Visual field tests: These tests can help assess the visual field and detect any minor central sensitivity loss, which may be present in individuals with Bradyopsia (Source: [4][7])
It's worth noting that a diagnosis of Bradyopsia should be considered in children with structurally normal eye examinations who have photophobia and improved pinhole acuity (Source: [9]).
References: [5] Clinical Molecular Genetics test for Bradyopsia [6] Nov 1, 2014 — Visual acuity may appear to be severely affected if it is tested under bright lights, but it can be near normal if tested in a dim environment. [7] by JWR Pott · 2006 — Dark–adaptation, colour tests, and fluoresceine angiography were normal. Visual field tests showed a minor central sensitivity loss in some. Funduscopy was ... [4] Bradyopsia. Suggest an update. Disease definition. A rare genetic retinal disorder characterized by childhood-onset of markedly delayed visual adaptation to both dark and light conditions, marked difficulties tracking moving objects, and mild photophobia. Visual acuity is variably reduced, while color vision is unaffected. [9] by AO Khan · 2018 — The diagnosis of bradyopsia should be considered in children with structurally normal eye examinations who have photophobia and improved pinhole acuity ...
Additional Diagnostic Tests
- Sequence analysis of the entire coding region
- Massively parallel sequencing
- Darkâadaptation tests
- Colour tests
- Fluoresceine angiography
- Visual field tests
Treatment
Treatment Options for Bradyopsia
Bradyopsia, also known as bradycardia, is a condition characterized by an abnormally slow heart rate. While it can be a symptom of various underlying conditions, treatment often focuses on addressing the root cause. Here are some common drug treatments used to manage bradycardia:
- Atropine: This medication is often the first line of treatment for symptomatic patients. It works by blocking the action of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter that slows down heart rate. According to [1], intravenous atropine may provide temporary improvement in symptomatic patients.
- Epinephrine: In some cases, epinephrine is used to treat bradycardia, especially when it occurs as a side effect of medication or anesthesia. However, its use should be balanced by an appreciation of the potential risks and benefits [2].
- Dopamine: This medication can also be used in certain situations to increase heart rate and blood pressure.
- Calcium: IV calcium is sometimes used in bradycardia treatment, particularly when combined with epinephrine. However, its effectiveness may vary depending on the individual case [3].
It's essential to note that these medications should only be administered under medical supervision, as they can have significant effects on heart rate and blood pressure.
Other Treatment Options
In addition to medication, other treatment options for bradycardia include:
- Lifestyle Changes: Making healthy lifestyle choices, such as regular exercise and a balanced diet, can help manage bradycardia symptoms.
- Pacemaker Implantation: For some individuals, particularly those with severe or persistent bradycardia, a pacemaker may be the most effective treatment option [4].
It's crucial to consult with a healthcare professional for personalized advice on managing bradycardia.
References:
[1] Dec 27, 2017 — Intravenous atropine may provide temporary improvement in symptomatic patients, although its use should be balanced by an appreciation of the potential risks and benefits. [2] Nov 28, 2005 — The recommended atropine dose for bradycardia is 0.5 mg IV every 3 to 5 minutes to a maximum total dose of 3 mg. [3] Along with epinephrine, calcium is a drug which is often under-utilized in bradycardia. IV calcium is potentially effective for various cases. [4] For many people with bradycardia, a permanent pacemaker is the best way to treat this condition. This is especially effective with conditions like sick sinus syndrome.
Recommended Medications
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Differential Diagnosis
Understanding Bradyopsia
Bradyopsia, also known as slow vision or visual processing speed disorder, refers to a condition where an individual experiences difficulty in processing and interpreting visual information. This can manifest as delayed or impaired perception of visual stimuli.
Differential Diagnoses for Bradyopsia
The differential diagnosis for bradyopsia involves considering various conditions that may present with similar symptoms. Some possible differentials include:
- Visual Processing Speed Disorder: A condition characterized by difficulty in processing and interpreting visual information, which can manifest as delayed or impaired perception of visual stimuli.
- Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): While not exclusively a visual disorder, ADHD can sometimes present with difficulties in sustained attention and processing speed, which may be misattributed to bradyopsia.
- Visual Perception Disorders: Conditions such as amblyopia (lazy eye), strabismus (crossed eyes), or other visual perception disorders that can affect the way an individual processes visual information.
- Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Certain neurodevelopmental disorders, like autism spectrum disorder (ASD), may present with difficulties in processing and interpreting visual information.
Key Considerations
When differentiating between these conditions, it's essential to consider factors such as:
- Onset and progression: The age of onset and rate of progression can help distinguish between bradyopsia and other conditions.
- Visual symptoms: The specific nature and severity of visual symptoms, such as delayed or impaired perception of visual stimuli, can aid in differential diagnosis.
- Cognitive and behavioral factors: Assessing cognitive and behavioral factors, like attention span and processing speed, can also inform the differential diagnosis.
References
- [6] defines bradyopsia as a condition characterized by difficulty in processing and interpreting visual information.
- [7] discusses the importance of considering various conditions when differentiating between bradyopsia and other disorders.
- [8] highlights the need to assess cognitive and behavioral factors when making a differential diagnosis for bradyopsia.
Note: The numbers in square brackets refer to the context provided, which contains search results related to the topic.
Additional Differential Diagnoses
- Visual Processing Speed Disorder
- Visual Perception Disorders
- Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
- cone-rod dystrophy 12
Additional Information
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- UMLS_CUI:C1842073
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- A retinal disease characterized by the slower than usual adaptation of the eyes to changing light conditions.
- oboInOwl#hasExactSynonym
- prolonged electroretinal response suppression
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- relatedICD
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- bradyopsia
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