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obsolete Elizabethkingia meningoseptica infectious disease

ICD-10 Codes

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Description

Elizabethkingia Meningoseptica Infections: A Rare and Obsolete Disease

Elizabethkingia meningoseptica infections are a rare and relatively unknown bacterial infection that affects humans, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. The disease is caused by the bacterium Elizabethkingia meningoseptica, which is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium widely distributed in nature (eg fresh water, salt water, or soil) [9].

Characteristics of the Disease

Elizabethkingia meningoseptica infections are infrequent and rarely cause infection beyond the neonatal period in an immunocompetent host. However, in immunocompromised individuals, such as those with weakened immune systems, the disease can be more severe and life-threatening [2]. The bacteria can cause a variety of conditions, including meningitis, pneumonia, bacteremia, and sepsis [7].

Demographics Affected

The disease tends to affect low-birth-weight infants and immunocompromised individuals, such as those with weakened immune systems. It is also more common in people who are at the extremes of age [8]. The bacteria can be found in the environment, particularly in soil and water sources like plumbing and drains [1].

Pathogenicity

The pathogenicity of Elizabethkingia meningoseptica is uncertain, and it is an infrequent colonizer of the respiratory tract. However, when infections do occur, they can be severe and life-threatening [3]. The bacteria's ability to cause disease is still being researched and understood.

Prevalence

Elizabethkingia meningoseptica infections are relatively rare and have been identified as a causal agent for various conditions. However, the prevalence of the disease is not well-documented, and more research is needed to understand its impact on human health [4].

References:

[1] May 13, 2024 — Elizabethkingia is a family of bacteria found worldwide in the environment (soil, river water and water sources like plumbing and drains).

[2] Elizabethkingia meningoseptica rarely causes infection beyond the neonatal period in an immunocompetent host, but infections in immunocompromised individuals ...

[3] Jan 1, 2016 — Elizabethkingia meningoseptica is an infrequent colonizer of the respiratory tract; its pathogenicity is uncertain. In the context of a 22-month ...

[4] by A Zajmi · 2022 · Cited by 38 — Elizabethkingia spp. is a ubiquitous pathogenic bacterium that has been identified as the causal agent for a variety of conditions such as meningitis, pneumonia ...

[5] Mar 3, 2023 — Elizabethkingia is a bacterial genus that is commonly detected in the environment (particularly soil and water) but that rarely causes human infection.

[6] Elizabethkingia meningoseptica, a Gram-negative pathogen once deemed clinically insignificant, tends to cause infections among low-birth-weight infants and ...

[7] Jul 26, 2024 — Elizabethkingia meningoseptica.​​ It most often causes neonatal meningitis, but can also cause bacteremia, pneumonia, and sepsis. Elizabethkingia ...

[8] by A Umair · 2021 · Cited by 13 — Elizabethkingia meningoseptica is an opportunistic pathogen infecting people in the extremes of age and the immunocompromised, especially in ...

[9] Elizabethkingia meningoseptica is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium widely distributed in nature (eg fresh water, salt water, or soil).

Additional Characteristics

  • A rare and relatively unknown bacterial infection
  • Affects humans, particularly immunocompromised individuals
  • Caused by the bacterium Elizabethkingia meningoseptica
  • Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium widely distributed in nature (eg fresh water, salt water, or soil)
  • Infrequent and rarely cause infection beyond the neonatal period in an immunocompetent host
  • Severe and life-threatening in immunocompromised individuals
  • Can cause a variety of conditions, including meningitis, pneumonia, bacteremia, and sepsis
  • Tends to affect low-birth-weight infants and immunocompromised individuals
  • Pathogenicity is uncertain and still being researched
  • Prevalence is not well-documented and more research is needed

Signs and Symptoms

Elizabethkingia meningoseptica Infectious Disease Signs and Symptoms

Elizabethkingia meningoseptica, also known as Elizabethkingia, is a rare and serious infectious disease. The signs and symptoms of this disease can vary, but here are some common ones:

  • Primary Bacteremia: This is the most common symptom, where bacteria enter the bloodstream without an obvious source [3].
  • Meningitis: Meningitis, or inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord, is a common complication of Elizabethkingia meningoseptica infection [1][3].
  • Cellulitis: Cellulitis, a type of skin infection, has been reported in cases of Elizabethkingia meningose

Additional Symptoms

Diagnostic Tests

Diagnostic Challenges of Elizabethkingia Meningoseptica

Elizabethkingia meningoseptica, a rare and opportunistic bacterium, poses significant diagnostic challenges due to its rarity and nonspecific symptoms. Standard laboratory tests often fail to readily identify the bacterium, necessitating specialized techniques for accurate detection.

  • Culture-based methods: Traditional culture-based methods, such as MALDI-TOF

Additional Diagnostic Tests

  • MALDI-TOF MS
  • Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry

Treatment

Treatment Options for Elizabethkingia Meningoseptica Infections

Elizabethkingia meningoseptica, a gram-negative aerobic organism, has been associated with severe infections in humans. While the exact treatment options may vary depending on the severity and type of infection, several antibiotics have shown promise in treating this condition.

  • Piperacillin/Tazobactam: This combination antibiotic has been effective in treating invasive pediatric Elizabethkingia meningoseptica infections [1].
  • Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole: In combination with piperacillin/tazobactam, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole has also been used to treat Elizabethkingia

Recommended Medications

  • Tazobactam
  • Sulfamethoxazole

💊 Drug information is sourced from ChEBI (Chemical Entities of Biological Interest) database. Always consult with a healthcare professional before starting any medication. Click on any medication name for detailed information.

Differential Diagnosis

Differential Diagnosis of Elizabethkingia meningoseptica Infections

Elizabethkingia meningoseptica, also known as Bacterium cepacia, is a bacterium that can cause severe infections in humans. However, it's worth noting that the name "Elizabethkingia" was previously used to refer to this bacterium, but it has been reclassified and is now known as Elizabethkingia meningoseptica.

To differentiate Elizabethkingia meningoseptica from other bacterial infections, several tests can be performed:

  • Indole test: This test should be clearly negative for Elizabethkingia meningoseptica. [1]
  • Pyr test: Similar to the indole test, this test should also be positive for Elizabethkingia meningoseptica and negative for B cepacia. [1]

Other bacterial infections that can cause similar symptoms to Elizabethkingia meningoseptica include:

  • Meningitis caused by other bacteria: Such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, or Haemophilus influenzae.
  • Pneumonia caused by other bacteria: Such as Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, or Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

It's also worth noting that Elizabethkingia meningoseptica can cause a range of infections, including:

  • Nosocomial infections (NI): Including meningitis, pneumonia, and bacteremia in extremes of age. [2]
  • Endocarditis: Infection of the heart valves.
  • Ophthalmologic infections: Such as conjunctivitis or keratitis.
  • Cellulitis: A bacterial skin infection.
  • Pyogenic arthritis: An infection of the joints.

In terms of differential diagnosis, it's essential to consider these other potential causes of infection and perform the necessary tests to confirm the presence of Elizabethkingia meningoseptica. [3]

References:

[1] Mar 3, 2023 — These 2 can be differentiated using the indole test or the Pyr test, both of which should be clearly negative for B cepacia and positive for E meningoseptica.

[2] by MK Sahu · 2019 · Cited by 21 — It is not known to reside in human hosts, but notorious for causing nosocomial infections (NI) including meningitis, pneumonia and bacteremia in extremes of ...

[3] Jan 1, 2016 — We report a retrospective observational study detailing an outbreak of E. meningoseptica acquisition in a London teaching hospital adult critical care unit.

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Additional Differential Diagnoses

Additional Information

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