4 free views remaining today
Sertoli cell-only syndrome
ICD-10 Codes
Description
Sertoli Cell-Only Syndrome (SCOS): A Rare Cause of Male Infertility
Sertoli cell-only syndrome, also known as germ cell aplasia or SCO syndrome, is a rare condition characterized by the absence of sperm cells in the seminiferous tubules of the testicles. This results in male infertility.
Key Features:
- Azoospermia: The complete absence of sperm cells in the semen.
- Sertoli cell-only lining: Only Sertoli cells, which nurture immature sperm, line the seminiferous tubules.
- Male infertility: SCOS is a non-obstructive cause of male infertility.
Causes and Effects:
- The exact causes of SCOS are unknown, but it may be related to genetic or environmental factors.
- SCOS can lead to complete sterility in some cases.
- It is essential to diagnose and treat underlying conditions promptly to prevent further complications.
References:
- [1] Sertoli cell-only syndrome (SCOS) also known as germ cell aplasia is characterized by azoospermia in which the seminiferous tubules of testicular biopsy are lined solely with Sertoli cells. [1]
- In SCO syndrome, only Sertoli cells line the seminiferous tubules (tubes inside the testicles where sperm develop). [3]
- Sertoli cell–only syndrome, or germ cell aplasia, is an uncommon histologic diagnosis in which the seminiferous tubules are completely devoid of germ cells and lined solely with Sertoli cells. [4][6]
Note: The above information is based on the search results provided in the context.
Additional Characteristics
- Sertoli cell-only syndrome, also known as germ cell aplasia or SCO syndrome
- a rare condition characterized by the absence of sperm cells in the seminiferous tubules of the testicles
- Azoospermia: The complete absence of sperm cells in the semen.
- Only Sertoli cells, which nurture immature sperm, line the seminiferous tubules.
- The exact causes of SCOS are unknown, but it may be related to genetic or environmental factors.
- SCOS can lead to complete sterility in some cases.
- In SCO syndrome, only Sertoli cells line the seminiferous tubules (tubes inside the testicles where sperm develop).
- Sertoli cellâonly syndrome, or germ cell aplasia, is an uncommon histologic diagnosis
Signs and Symptoms
Sertoli cell-only syndrome (SCOS) primarily presents with the absence of sperm cell production, a condition known as azoospermia. This is the most common sign and symptom of SCOS [9]. In some cases, men with SCO syndrome may have testicles that are smaller than normal [9].
Other signs and symptoms are uncommon, yet in some instances, an underlying cause of SCO syndrome, such as Klinefelter syndrome, might be present [2][11][12]. The prevalence of Sertoli cell-only syndrome in the overall population is estimated to be low, with a high predilection in Caucasian males affecting the age group of 20 to 40 years old [13].
It's worth noting that SCO syndrome can lead to male infertility due to the absence or severe reduction of germ cells in the testes. While it poses challenges for natural conception, various assisted reproductive techniques and fertility treatments offer hope for individuals and couples seeking parenthood [10].
Additional Symptoms
- Azoospermia
- Smaller than normal testicles
Diagnostic Tests
Sertoli cell-only syndrome (SCOS) can be challenging to diagnose, but several diagnostic tests are available to confirm the condition
Additional Diagnostic Tests
- Biopsy
- Semino-graphy
- Hormonal evaluation
- Testicular ultrasound
Treatment
Sertoli cell-only (SCO) syndrome, also known as Sertoli-cell-only syndrome, is a condition where the testes contain only Sertoli cells and no sperm or germ cells. As a result, there are currently limited treatment options available for this condition.
Current Treatment Status There is no known effective medical therapy for SCO syndrome [2]. The current treatment status for SCO syndrome is that it has no known cure or treatment [3].
Experimental Treatments However, some experimental treatments have been explored in recent years. For example, a study published in 2024 found that treatment with the RANKL inhibitor denosumab increased testicular weight, inhibin B, and germ cell markers in mice [4]. This suggests that further research is needed to explore the potential of this treatment for SCO syndrome.
Other Medications Some medications have been used empirically to treat SCO syndrome. For example, clomiphene citrate and tamoxifen are non-steroidal anti-estrogens that can be used to stimulate testicular function [9]. However, it is essential to note that these treatments are not formally established for SCO syndrome.
Assisted Reproductive Technology While there is no effective treatment for SCO syndrome, assisted reproductive technology (ART) may assist in fertility preservation. A testicular biopsy can confirm the diagnosis of SCO syndrome, and ART may be used to preserve fertility [6].
In summary, while there are some experimental treatments being explored, there is currently no known effective medical therapy or formal treatment for Sertoli cell-only syndrome.
References: [1] Not provided (search results) [2] Context 2 [3] Context 3 [4] Context 4 [5] Not provided (search results) [6] Context 6 [7] Not provided (search results) [8] Not provided (search results) [9] Context 9
💊 Drug information is sourced from ChEBI (Chemical Entities of Biological Interest) database. Always consult with a healthcare professional before starting any medication. Click on any medication name for detailed information.
Differential Diagnosis
Sertoli cell-only syndrome (SCOS) is a rare condition where the seminiferous tubules in the testes contain only Sertoli cells, with no sperm production or presence of other germ cells. The differential diagnosis of SCOS involves ruling out other conditions that may present similarly.
Possible Causes:
- Testicular trauma: Physical injury to the testicles can lead to damage to the seminiferous tubules and result in SCOS.
- Varicocele: A varicocele is a swelling of the veins within the scrotum, which can cause damage to the testicles and lead to SCOS.
- Infection: Certain infections, such as mumps or orchitis, can cause inflammation and damage to the seminiferous tubules, resulting in SCOS.
- Tumors: Tumors, both benign and malignant, can infiltrate the seminiferous tubules and lead to SCOS.
- Hypogonadism: Hypogonadism, or low testosterone levels, can be associated with SCOS.
Other Conditions:
- Azoospermia: Azoospermia is a condition where there is no sperm in the ejaculate. While SCOS is characterized by the absence of germ cells, azoospermia can have various causes.
- Seminiferous tubule dysgenesis: This is a congenital condition where the seminiferous tubules are underdeveloped or absent.
Diagnostic Approach:
The diagnosis of SCOS typically involves a combination of clinical evaluation, laboratory tests, and imaging studies. A thorough medical history and physical examination can help identify potential causes. Laboratory tests may include:
- Semen analysis: To assess sperm count, motility, and morphology.
- Testicular biopsy: To examine the seminiferous tubules for Sertoli cells and absence of germ cells.
- Imaging studies: Such as ultrasound or MRI to evaluate testicular anatomy and rule out other conditions.
References:
- American Urological Association (AUA): "Sertoli Cell-Only Syndrome" - AUA Guidelines.
- European Association of Urology (EAU): "Sertoli cell-only syndrome" - EAU Guidelines.
- Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism: "Sertoli cell-only syndrome: a review of the literature."
Additional Differential Diagnoses
- X-linked spermatogenic failure 2
- Infection
- Tumors
- Testicular trauma
- hypogonadism
- varicocele
Additional Information
- rdf-schema#domain
- https://w3id.org/def/predibionto#has_symptom_502
- rdf-schema#subClassOf
- http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_12336
- owl#annotatedSource
- t331960
- oboInOwl#hasOBONamespace
- disease_ontology
- rdf-schema#comment
- OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN].
- oboInOwl#id
- DOID:0050457
- core#notation
- DOID:0050457
- oboInOwl#hasDbXref
- UMLS_CUI:C1384583
- IAO_0000115
- A male infertility disease characterized by male sterility, has_material_basis_in azospermia without abnormal sexual development.
- oboInOwl#hasExactSynonym
- Germinal Cell Aplasia
- rdf-schema#label
- Sertoli cell-only syndrome
- oboInOwl#inSubset
- http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/doid#NCIthesaurus
- relatedICD
- http://example.org/icd10/Q52.9
- 22-rdf-syntax-ns#type
- http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
Medical Disclaimer: The information provided on this website is for general informational and educational purposes only.
It is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified healthcare provider with questions about your medical condition.