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multinodular goiter

ICD-10 Codes

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Description

A multinodular goiter is a type of thyroid gland disorder characterized by an enlarged thyroid gland with multiple nodules or lumps. These nodules can be visible on the surface of the thyroid gland, or they may only be detectable through imaging tests such as ultrasound or CT scans.

  • Definition: A multinodular goiter is an abnormal growth of thyroid cells that form multiple nodules within the thyroid gland [1].
  • Causes: The exact cause of a multinodular goiter is not fully understood, but it is believed to be related to genetic heterogeneity of follicular cells [2].
  • Symptoms: A large multinodular goiter may cause symptoms such as difficulty swallowing or breathing, but in many cases, there are no noticeable symptoms [3].
  • Types: There are two types of multinodular goiters: non-toxic and toxic. Non-toxic multinodular goiters do not produce excess thyroid hormone, while toxic multinodular goiters produce an excessive amount of thyroid hormone, leading to hyperthyroidism [4].

Overall, a multinodular goiter is a relatively common thyroid gland disorder that can be caused by various factors and may or may not cause symptoms.

Additional Characteristics

  • A multinodular goiter is an abnormal growth of thyroid cells
  • The exact cause is related to genetic heterogeneity of follicular cells
  • Symptoms include difficulty swallowing or breathing, but often no noticeable symptoms
  • There are two types: non-toxic and toxic (producing excess thyroid hormone)

Signs and Symptoms

Common Signs and Symptoms of Multinodular Goiter

Multinodular goiter, a type of thyroid enlargement, can cause various symptoms depending on its size and location. Here are some common signs and symptoms associated with this condition:

  • No symptoms in many cases: Most multinodular goiters do not cause any symptoms and are discovered during a routine physical exam or while undergoing tests for another reason [1].
  • Fatigue, sensitivity to cold, and sleepiness: Some people may experience fatigue, increased sensitivity to cold, and increased sleepiness due to the thyroid's reduced function [2].
  • Dry skin, constipation, muscle weakness, and memory problems: Other symptoms can include dry skin, constipation, muscle weakness, and problems with memory or concentration [3].
  • Compression symptoms in large goiters: Very large multinodular goiters can cause compression symptoms such as trouble breathing or swallowing [4].
  • Visible lump in the neck: In many cases, multinodular goitres appear as a visible lump in the front of the neck, even if the thyroid is working normally [5].
  • Hoarseness and difficulty swallowing: Some people may experience hoarseness and difficulty swallowing due to the goiter's compression on surrounding structures [6].
  • Other symptoms can include: dry skin, hair loss, swelling in the face, intolerance to cold, fatigue, unintentional weight gain, feeling of neck fullness or tightness, difficulty swallowing, difficulty breathing, coughing, and changes in voice [7][8].

It's essential to note that not everyone with multinodular goiter will experience these symptoms. If you suspect you have this condition, consult a healthcare professional for proper evaluation and treatment.

References: [1] Context result 1 [2] Context result 2 [3] Context result 2 [4] Context result 4 [5] Context result 5 [6] Context result 6 [7] Context result 7 [8] Context result 8

Additional Symptoms

  • No symptoms in many cases
  • Fatigue, sensitivity to cold, and sleepiness
  • Dry skin, constipation, muscle weakness, and memory problems
  • Compression symptoms in large goiters
  • Visible lump in the neck
  • Hoarseness and difficulty swallowing
  • Other symptoms can include: dry skin, hair loss, swelling in the face, intolerance to cold, fatigue, unintentional weight gain, feeling of neck fullness or tightness, difficulty swallowing, difficulty breathing, coughing, and changes in voice

Diagnostic Tests

To diagnose a multinodular goiter, several diagnostic tests are typically performed.

Initial Evaluation

A thorough medical history and physical examination are usually the first steps in diagnosing a multinodular goiter. Your healthcare provider may detect an enlargement of the thyroid gland or individual nodules through palpation (touching) of your neck [1].

Imaging Tests

Additional imaging tests, such as:

  • Ultrasound: to confirm the presence and size of nodules within the thyroid gland
  • Scintigraphy: to evaluate the function of each nodule and determine if any are producing excess thyroid hormones

are often ordered to further assess the condition.

Fine-Needle Aspiration (FNA)

A sonographically guided fine-needle biopsy may be performed to collect tissue samples from suspicious nodules for histopathological examination [2].

These diagnostic tests help healthcare providers determine the extent of the goiter, identify any potential cancerous nodules, and guide further treatment decisions.

References:

[1] Context 1: A goiter is often discovered during a routine physical exam. [2] Context 2: Ultrasound, scintigraphy and sonographically guided fine-needle biopsy are the cornerstones in the diagnostic work-up multinodular goitre.

Additional Diagnostic Tests

  • Ultrasound
  • Scintigraphy
  • Fine-Needle Aspiration (FNA)

Treatment

Treatment Options for Multinodular Goiter

Multinodular goiter, a condition characterized by an enlarged thyroid gland with multiple nodules, can be managed through various treatment options. While surgery is often recommended for larger or symptomatic goiters, drug treatment may also be considered in certain cases.

  • Levothyroxine (LT4) Treatment: Some studies suggest that levothyroxine (LT4), a synthetic form of thyroid hormone, can reduce the volume of multinodular goiter. However, this treatment is still controversial and not universally recommended [1][2].
  • Radioactive Iodine Therapy: Radioactive iodine therapy may be used to treat hyperthyroidism caused by toxic multinodular goiter. This treatment can help cure hyperthyroidism but may require multiple doses for larger goiters [3][4].

Important Considerations

It's essential to note that drug treatment is usually not recommended for benign, asymptomatic multinodular goiters. In such cases, monitoring the condition over time is often sufficient.

  • Surgery: Surgery remains the recommended treatment option for symptomatic or large multin

Recommended Medications

  • Levothyroxine (LT4)
  • Radioactive Iodine Therapy

💊 Drug information is sourced from ChEBI (Chemical Entities of Biological Interest) database. Always consult with a healthcare professional before starting any medication. Click on any medication name for detailed information.

Differential Diagnosis

Multinodular Goiter (MNG) Differential Diagnosis

A multinodular goiter (MNG) is a type of thyroid gland enlargement characterized by the presence of multiple nodules, which may have normal, decreased or increased function. The differential diagnosis for MNG includes several conditions that can present with similar clinical and radiological features.

Possible Differentials:

  • Iodine-deficient goiter: This condition is caused by a lack of iodine

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It is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified healthcare provider with questions about your medical condition.