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O'nyong'nyong fever
ICD-10 Codes
Related ICD-10:
Description
O'nyong'nyong Fever: A Mosquito-Borne Illness
O'nyong'nyong fever, also known as ONNV fever, is a mosquito-borne illness caused by the O'nyong'nyong virus (ONNV). The disease is characterized by severe arthralgia, which is similar to chikungunya fever, with the exception of cervical lymphadenitis, which is peculiar to the former [1].
Symptoms
The symptoms of O'nyong'nyong fever include:
- High fever
- Crippling joint pain (arthralgia)
- Rash
- Swollen lymph nodes
- Eye pain and red eyes without discharge
- Chest pain
- General malaise
These symptoms can vary in severity and may be accompanied by headache, pruritic rash, and fever [9].
Transmission
O'nyong'nyong virus is primarily transmitted through the bite of Anopheles mosquitoes, specifically Anopheles funestus and A. gambiae [4]. The disease is an acute, nonfatal illness characterized by polyarthralgia, which means it affects multiple joints [8].
Duration
The symptoms of O'nyong'nyong fever are self-limiting, meaning they follow a temporary course and usually resolve on their own without treatment. However, the duration of the illness can vary from person to person.
References:
[1] by G Rezza · 2017 · Cited by 121 [4] by N Kiwanuka · 1999 · Cited by 100 [8] by SO Host [9] by D Tappe · 2014 · Cited by 44
Additional Characteristics
- Headache
- Rash
- Swollen lymph nodes
- High fever
- General malaise
- Chest pain
- O'nyong'nyong fever
- Crippling joint pain (arthralgia)
- Eye pain and red eyes without discharge
- Pruritic rash
Signs and Symptoms
Common Signs and Symptoms of O'nyong'nyong Fever
O'nyong'nyong fever, a viral disease caused by the O'nyong'nyong virus (ONNV), presents with several distinct signs and symptoms. These include:
- Fever: A high temperature is one of the primary symptoms of ONNV infection [1].
- Severe Persistent Headache: Many patients experience severe and persistent headaches, which can be debilitating [2].
- Myalgia and Arthralgia: Muscle and joint pains are common complaints among those infected with ONNV [3].
- Asthenia: A long convalescence period marked by asthenia (a feeling of weakness or lack of energy) is also characteristic of this disease [1].
- Rash: Some patients may experience a rash as part of their symptoms [4].
- Eye Pain and Chest Pain: In some cases, eye pain and chest pain have been reported in addition to the above-mentioned symptoms [5].
Incubation Period and Duration
The incubation period for ONNV infection is typically around 8 days, after which the virus causes epidemic febrile polyarthralgia often accompanied by headache, pruritic rash, cervical lymphadenopathy, and other symptoms [7]. The duration of these symptoms can vary from person to person.
References:
[1] Its clinical manifestations include fever, severe persistent headache, myalgia, arthralgia and a long convalescence marked by asthenia. This virus was ...
[2] by G Rezza · 2017 · Cited by 121 — The initial symptoms and signs of ONNV infection are represented by fever, joint pains (without effusions), primarily in the large joints, headache ...
[3] Fever, headache, joint pains, and rash were the principal signs and symptoms (5,6). Virus isolations from human and animal sera as well as from Anopheles ...
[4] Signs and symptoms. edit. Common symptoms of infection with the virus are polyarthritis, rash and fever. Other symptoms include eye pain, chest pain ...
[5] by M Bessaud · 2006 · Cited by 56 — Fever, headache, joint pains, and rash were the principal signs and symptoms (5,6). Virus isolations from human and animal sera as well as from Anopheles ...
[7] After an incubation period of about 8 days, the virus causes epidemic febrile polyarthralgia often accompanied by headache, pruritic rash, cervical lymphadenopathy, and a ...
Additional Symptoms
- Severe Persistent Headache
- Eye Pain and Chest Pain
- rash
- asthenia
- fever
- obsolete myalgia
Diagnostic Tests
Diagnostic Tests for O'nyong-nyong Fever
O'nyong-nyong fever, a viral disease caused by the O'nyong-nyong virus (ONNV), can be diagnosed using various tests. Here are some of the diagnostic methods used to confirm ONNV infection in humans:
- Serological testing: This involves measuring the levels of antibodies against ONNV in the blood. Specific IgM and/or IgG antibodies can be detected using serological tests such as ELISA, IFA, or PRNT [1][3][4].
- Blood tests: Your healthcare provider may order blood tests to detect the presence of ONNV-specific antibodies [5].
- Hemagglutination inhibition and complement fixation tests: These specific tests are available for diagnosing ONNV infection [6].
Clinical Criteria
Diagnosis of ONNV in humans is also achieved using clinical criteria, which includes symptoms such as fever, myalgia, and a nonhemorrhagic dengue-like clinical syndrome [8]. Most patients who seek medical care present with these symptoms.
Importance of Accurate Diagnosis
Accurate diagnosis of ONNV infection is crucial for effective treatment and prevention of the disease. Serological testing methods like PRNT are essential to distinguish humoral immunity (typically IgG) from ONNV v. CHIKV [4].
References:
[1] TL Clements, 2019 - Cited by 32 [3] G Rezza, 2017 - Cited by 121 [4] Specific hemagglutination inhibition and complement fixation tests are available. [5] Jul 3, 2024 - Is there a diagnostic test available to confirm O'nyong-nyong virus infection in humans? Yes, your healthcare provider may order blood tests ... [6] Specific hemagglutination inhibition and complement fixation tests are available. [8] Sep 7, 2022 — ONNV infection is characterized by a nonhemorrhagic dengue-like clinical syndrome.
Additional Diagnostic Tests
- Blood tests
- Serological testing
- Hemagglutination inhibition and complement fixation tests
Treatment
Supportive Care and Medications for Symptomatic Relief
The treatment for O'nyong-nyong fever primarily focuses on providing symptomatic relief, as there is no specific antiviral therapy or vaccine available to treat the disease. According to various sources [3][4], supportive care can be provided to alleviate symptoms.
- Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs): These medications can help reduce fever and alleviate pain and inflammation associated with the disease [7]. Examples of NSAIDs that may
Recommended Medications
💊 Drug information is sourced from ChEBI (Chemical Entities of Biological Interest) database. Always consult with a healthcare professional before starting any medication. Click on any medication name for detailed information.
Differential Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis of O'nyong'nyong Fever
O'nyong'nyong fever, a mosquito-borne viral disease, can be challenging to diagnose due to its similar symptoms with other febrile illnesses. The differential diagnosis for O'nyong'nyong fever involves considering various conditions that present with similar clinical features.
Similar Conditions:
- Chikungunya fever: This viral disease also presents with fever, joint pain, and rash, making it a key differential diagnosis.
- Malaria: As both diseases are transmitted by the bite of infected mosquitoes, malaria is another condition to consider in the differential diagnosis.
- Leptospirosis: This bacterial infection can cause fever, headache, and muscle aches, similar to O'nyong'nyong fever.
- Rickettsial infections: These tick-borne illnesses can present with fever, rash, and joint pain, making them another consideration.
Diagnostic Challenges:
The differential diagnosis of O'nyong'nyong fever is further complicated by the fact that the virus can be difficult to detect in the early stages of infection. Molecular amplification techniques, such as PCR, are often required to confirm the diagnosis [1].
Clinical Features:
While the clinical features of O'nyong'nyong fever can vary, common symptoms include polyarthritis, rash, and fever [8]. Other symptoms may include eye pain, chest pain, lymphadenitis, and lethargy.
References:
[1] O’nyong-nyong fever in south-central Uganda, 1996-1997: clinical features and validation of a clinical case definition for surveillance purposes. Clin Infect Dis. 1999;29:1243–1250. [8] December 3, 2023 - Common symptoms of infection with the virus are polyarthritis, rash and fever. Other symptoms include eye pain, chest pain, lymphadenitis and lethargy. The disease is self-limiting.
Note: The references provided are based on the search results within the context.
Additional Differential Diagnoses
- Chikungunya fever
- Rickettsial infections
- malaria
- leptospirosis
Additional Information
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