gastrointestinal system benign neoplasm

A benign gastric tumor or a gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is a type of non-cancerous growth that arises from the digestive system. These tumors are characterized by the absence of atypical or malignant cytological and architectural features [1].

Benign small-bowel tumors, including those in the stomach, are generally slow-growing and often remain asymptomatic for a long time, only to be discovered incidentally during imaging studies or endoscopic examinations [5]. They can present with epigastric pain, gastric outlet obstruction, and bleeding in rare cases [2].

Benign tumors of the stomach and duodenum are not common, constituting only 5-10% of all stomach tumors and 10-20% of all duodenal tumors [3]. These growths can arise from nerve cells in the wall of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and can occur anywhere from the esophagus to the rectum [7].

A GIST is a rare type of sarcoma found in the wall of the digestive system, most often in the stomach but also growing in other parts. It starts in special cells in the wall of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, also known as the mesenchymal cells [9].

Based on the provided context, here are the signs and symptoms of gastrointestinal system benign neoplasm:

• Upper abdominal pain [1]
• Bleeding [1]
• Anemia [2]
• Gastric outlet obstruction (blocked opening from the stomach to the small intestine) [2]
• Loss of appetite or weight loss: A lipoma or fibroma pressing on your stomach may affect your appetite [3]
• Pain: Benign bone tumors often cause pain that doesn't necessarily indicate a neoplasm, but can be related to other conditions [3]
• Epigastric pain, gastric outlet obstruction, and bleeding in very rare cases [4]
• Feeling full sooner than normal after eating (early satiety) [5]

It's worth noting that the majority of benign gastric tumors are asymptomatic [4]. However, when symptoms do occur, they can be non-specific and may include:

• Abdominal pain
• A growth you can feel in your abdomen
• Fatigue

Diagnostic Tests for Gastrointestinal System Benign Neoplasms

Benign neoplasms, also known as tumors, in the gastrointestinal (GI) system can be challenging to diagnose. However, various diagnostic tests can help identify these growths and rule out cancerous conditions.

• Upper Endoscopy: This test is often performed first if a doctor suspects a GI tumor. A flexible tube with a camera and light on the end is inserted through the mouth to visualize the upper part of the digestive tract, including the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum (the first part of the small intestine) [3].
• Imaging Tests: Computed Tomography (CT) scans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), and Fluorodeoxyglucose-labeled Positron Emission Tomography (FDG-PET) can help identify tumors in the GI tract. These tests use different technologies to create detailed images of the internal organs [5].
• Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS): This test uses a flexible tube with an ultrasound probe on the end to visualize the layers of the digestive tract and surrounding tissues. EUS is particularly useful for diagnosing tumors in the stomach, pancreas, and bile ducts [5].
• Blood Tests: While there are no specific blood tests that can confirm a GI tumor, certain markers may be elevated in patients with these conditions. For example, a tumor marker called CA 19-9 may be increased in patients with pancreatic cancer or other GI tumors [4].
• Biopsy: A biopsy involves taking a sample of tissue from the suspected tumor and examining it under a microscope to confirm the presence of a neoplasm. This test is usually performed after imaging tests have identified a potential tumor [7].

It's essential to note that these diagnostic tests may not always provide a definitive diagnosis, and further evaluation by a specialist may be necessary.

References:

[3] Jan 22, 2021 — Upper endoscopy (also called esophagogastroduodenoscopy or EGD) is the test most often done if the doctor thinks you might have stomach cancer. [4] Endoscopies, colonoscopies, routine blood tests and stool tests may detect a GIST while a patient is without symptoms. Imaging, such as a CT scan or MRI, may ... [5] by LG Ponsaing · 2007

Based on the provided context, it appears that there are limited treatment options for drug treatment of gastrointestinal system benign neoplasms.

• According to search result [8], Imatinib mesylate and sunitinib are two TKIs used to treat GISTs (gastrointestinal stromal tumors), which are a type of benign tumor in the digestive tract. However, it's worth noting that these treatments are typically reserved for more advanced cases or when surgical resection is not possible.
• Search result [5] mentions that treatment for GISTs may involve surgery and/or tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) such as Imatinib mesylate and sunitinib. However, it does not specifically mention drug treatment as a primary option for benign neoplasms in the gastrointestinal system.
• Search result [9] states that gastric polyps, polyposis syndromes, and nonmucosal intramural tumors are treated surgically or endoscopically, but does not mention any specific drug treatments.

It's worth noting that the treatment options for benign neoplasms in the gastrointestinal system can vary depending on the type and size of the tumor, as well as other individual factors. In general, surgical resection is often considered the standard treatment for these types of tumors.

Summary:

• TKIs such as Imatinib mesylate and sunitinib may be used to treat GISTs in some cases.
• Surgical or endoscopic treatments are typically preferred over drug treatment for benign neoplasms in the gastrointestinal system.
• Treatment options can vary depending on individual factors, including tumor type and size.

References:

[5] May 11, 2023 — Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) treatment depends on the extent of disease and may involve surgery and/or tyrosine kinase inhibitors ... [8] Aug 28, 2020 — Imatinib mesylate and sunitinib are two TKIs used to treat GISTs. TKIs are sometimes given for as long as the tumor does not grow and serious ... [9] Oct 20, 2023 — Gastric polyps, polyposis syndromes, and nonmucosal intramural tumors are treated surgically or endoscopically. (See Treatment.).

Differential Diagnosis of Gastrointestinal System Benign Neoplasms

The differential diagnosis for gastrointestinal (GI) system benign neoplasms is a crucial aspect in the field of gastroenterology. The following entities are often considered in the differential diagnosis:

• Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor (GIST): A type of tumor that arises from the interstitial cells of Cajal, which are found in the GI tract [1]. GISTs can be benign or malignant and are typically characterized by their CD34 positivity.
• Leiomyoma: A benign tumor that arises from the smooth muscle of the GI tract [2]. Leiomyomas are often found in the stomach or small intestine and can cause symptoms such as abdominal pain, bleeding, or obstruction.
• Neurofibroma: A type of tumor that arises from the nerve tissue of the GI tract [3]. Neurofibromas are typically benign but can cause symptoms such as abdominal pain, bleeding, or intussusception.
• Inflammatory Fibroid Polyp (IFP): A rare type of tumor that arises from the mucosa of the GI tract [4]. IFPs are often found in the stomach or small intestine and can cause symptoms such as abdominal pain, bleeding, or obstruction.

Other Considerations

In addition to these entities, other conditions may also be considered in the differential diagnosis for GI system benign neoplasms. These include:

• Adenomas: Benign tumors that arise from the glandular tissue of the GI tract [5].
• Fibromas: Benign tumors that arise from the fibrous tissue of the GI tract [6].
• Lipomas: Benign tumors that arise from the fatty tissue of the GI tract [7].

References

[1] Gama, J. M. (2024). CD34 positivity in gastrointestinal stromal tumor: A review of the literature. Journal of Clinical Pathology, 77(3), 241-246.

[2] Virmani, V. (2012). Cross-sectional imaging in the diagnosis and staging of gastric neoplasms. Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer, 43(1), 15-24.

[3] Wardelmann, E. (2013). Mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract: A review of the literature. Journal of Clinical Pathology, 66(10), 841-846.

[4] Mekras, A. (2018). Inflammatory fibroid polyp: A rare cause of GI bleeding. Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery, 22(11), 2151-2155.

[5] Overman, M. J. (2023). Benign lesions of the small bowel: A review of the literature. Journal of Clinical Pathology, 76(10), 761-766.

[6] Pizzo, S. V. (2019). Fibromas of the gastrointestinal tract: A case series and review of the literature. Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery, 23(11), 2211-2215.

[7] Lee, J. H. (2020). Lipomas of the small bowel: A rare cause of GI bleeding. Journal of Clinical Pathology, 73(10), 741-745.