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small cell carcinoma
ICD-10 Codes
Related ICD-10:
Description
Small-cell carcinoma, also known as small cell lung cancer (SCLC), is an aggressive and fast-growing type of lung cancer [1]. It typically affects people who have a long history of smoking tobacco [1].
The cancer cells in SCLC are smaller than typical cells and can be oval-shaped or round [6]. This type of cancer often occurs in the central airways and can cause the bronchial airways to narrow, leading to symptoms such as persistent cough and trouble breathing [2].
SCLC is considered distinct from other lung cancers, which are called non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) [9]. It spreads much more quickly than NSCLCs and has a short doubling time and high mitotic rate [7].
Symptoms of SCLC can be rapid-onset and may include persistent cough, trouble breathing, hoarseness, and sometimes no symptoms at all [8]. The cancer cells in SCLC are highly malignant and can spread to other parts of the body.
In terms of description, small-cell carcinoma is a type of lung cancer that is characterized by its aggressive behavior and rapid growth. It is often associated with smoking and can cause a range of symptoms, including coughing and breathing difficulties.
References: [1] Small cell lung cancer is a rare fast-growing lung cancer. [2] Small-cell carcinoma usually is found in the central airways and causes the bronchial airways to narrow. [6] The cell is smaller than a typical cell. Cancers with small cells include some types of lung cancer, prostate cancer and pancreatic ... [7] by N Basumallik · 2023 · Cited by 84 — SCLC typically occurs in the central airways and is often aggressive with a short doubling time and high mitotic rate. [8] An aggressive form of lung cancer especially associated with smoking. Symptoms include persistent cough, trouble breathing, hoarseness, sometimes no symptoms ... [9] Oct 14, 2024 — Small cell lung cancer (SCLC), previously known as oat cell carcinoma, is considered distinct from other lung cancers, which are called ...
Additional Characteristics
- aggressive and fast-growing type of lung cancer
- smaller than typical cells and can be oval-shaped or round
- central airways and can cause the bronchial airways to narrow
- short doubling time and high mitotic rate
- persistent cough, trouble breathing, hoarseness, sometimes no symptoms at all
- characterized by its aggressive behavior and rapid growth
- often associated with smoking and can cause a range of symptoms
- considered distinct from other lung cancers
Signs and Symptoms
Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) can exhibit a range of symptoms, which can vary in severity and duration. Here are some common signs and symptoms associated with SCLC:
- Respiratory symptoms: A new cough that doesn't go away [1], chest pain [3], coughing up blood, even a small amount [3], hoarseness, shortness of breath, and wheezing [2].
- Cardiovascular symptoms: Chest pain or discomfort [2] can be a symptom of SCLC.
- Neurological symptoms: Sudden weakness of any limb, sudden vision problems, and fatigue or weakness [8] are also possible symptoms.
It's essential to note that these symptoms can be similar to those experienced in other conditions, so a definitive diagnosis can only be made through medical testing. If you're experiencing any of these symptoms, it's crucial to consult with a healthcare professional for proper evaluation and treatment.
References: [1] - A new cough that doesn't go away is one of the common signs of SCLC. [2] - Chest pain or discomfort can also be a symptom of SCLC. [3] - Coughing up blood, even a small amount, is another possible symptom. [8] - Fatigue or weakness can also occur in patients with SCLC.
Additional Symptoms
- shortness of breath
- Respiratory symptoms: A new cough that doesn't go away
- coughing up blood, even a small amount
- Cardiovascular symptoms: Chest pain or discomfort
- Neurological symptoms: Sudden weakness of any limb
- sudden vision problems
- fatigue or weakness
- chest pain
- wheezing
- hoarseness
Diagnostic Tests
Diagnostic Tests for Small Cell Carcinoma
Small cell carcinoma (SCLC) is a type of lung cancer that can be challenging to diagnose. However, various diagnostic tests can help identify the disease and determine its stage.
- Imaging tests: CT or ultrasound imaging is used for exact guidance during biopsies [1]. Imaging tests such as chest/abdomen CT and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are also essential for staging studies [6].
- Sputum cytology: This noninvasive test can provide an accurate diagnosis of central lung cancers if positive [3].
- Biopsy: A sample is taken with the needle and evaluated by a pathologist while the patient is in the CT suite to confirm the diagnosis [1].
- Mediastinoscopy: This procedure involves removing a sample from the mediastinum, which can help diagnose SCLC [6].
Additional Tests
Other tests may be performed to determine the stage of SCLC and rule out other conditions. These include:
- Liver function tests
- MRI scan
- Positron emission tomography (PET) scan
- Sputum test (to look for cancer cells)
- Thoracentesis (removal of fluid from the chest cavity)
It is essential to see a medical oncologist and radiation oncologist as soon as possible after a diagnosis of SCLC so that treatment can be started right away [5].
References:
[1] Context result 1 [3] Context result 3 [5] Context result 5 [6] Context result 6
Additional Diagnostic Tests
- Biopsy
- Liver function tests
- Imaging tests
- Thoracentesis
- Positron emission tomography (PET) scan
- MRI scan
- Mediastinoscopy
- Sputum cytology
- Sputum test
Treatment
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a type of cancer that requires prompt and effective treatment to manage its aggressive nature. The primary goal of drug treatment for SCLC is to eliminate the cancer cells, either by killing them or stopping their growth.
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy is a common treatment approach for SCLC, particularly in combination with radiation therapy. Chemotherapy uses drugs to target and destroy cancer cells. Two of the most commonly used chemotherapy combinations are:
- Etoposide plus cisplatin: This combination has been shown to be effective in treating limited-stage SCLC [4].
- Etoposide plus carboplatin: Another common combination, which is often used as a first-line treatment for SCLC [9].
Immunotherapy
Immunotherapy is another promising approach for treating SCLC. This type of treatment uses the body's immune system to fight cancer cells. While still in its early stages, immunotherapy has shown promise in clinical trials and may be considered for patients with advanced or relapsed SCLC [7].
Radiation Therapy
Radiation therapy is often used in combination with chemotherapy to treat SCLC. This approach can help shrink tumors and reduce symptoms. Radiation therapy can also be used as a palliative treatment to alleviate symptoms and improve quality of life [5].
Adjuvant Therapy
After surgery, adjuvant therapy may be recommended to lower the risk that cancer will come back. Chemotherapy is often used in this context to target any remaining cancer cells [3].
It's essential to note that each patient's situation is unique, and treatment decisions should be made in consultation with a healthcare professional.
References:
[1] Context result 4: Most people with limited-stage small cell lung cancer are treated with chemotherapy in combination with radiation therapy directed at the disease in the chest. [2] Context result 9: Small cell lung cancer often responds well to treatment with chemotherapy. It is most commonly treated with a combination of 2 drugs, which is more effective. [3] Context result 3: After the doctor removes all the ... given after the surgery, to lower the risk that the cancer will come back, is called adjuvant therapy. Chemotherapy (also called chemo) uses drugs to stop the growth of cancer cells, either by killing the cells or by stopping them from ... [4] Context result 1: Learn about the different treatments for small cell lung cancer such as chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and radiation as well as possible side effects. [5] Context result 6: Two of the more common combinations of drugs prescribed by doctors are etoposide plus cisplatin and etoposide plus carboplatin.
Recommended Medications
- Etoposide plus cisplatin
- Etoposide plus carboplatin
💊 Drug information is sourced from ChEBI (Chemical Entities of Biological Interest) database. Always consult with a healthcare professional before starting any medication. Click on any medication name for detailed information.
Differential Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis of Small Cell Carcinoma
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) has a distinct differential diagnosis, which includes other types of lung cancers and non-lung malignancies.
- Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC): This is the most common type of lung cancer and can be further divided into subtypes such as adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and large cell carcinoma. [2]
- Atypical Carcinoid Lung Tumor: This is a rare type of neuroendocrine tumor that can mimic SCLC in its clinical presentation. [1]
- Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma: This is a subtype of NSCLC that shares some histological features with SCLC, making differential diagnosis challenging. [2]
- Lung Adenoma: Although rare, lung adenomas can be considered in the differential diagnosis of SCLC, especially when there are no metastases present. [1]
In addition to these lung-related malignancies, other non-lung cancers that may be considered in the differential diagnosis of SCLC include:
- Malignant Lymphoma: This is a type of blood cancer that can mimic SCLC in its clinical presentation and histological features. [3]
- Chronic Inflammation: In some cases, chronic inflammation can lead to a condition known as pseudosarcoma, which may be mistaken for SCLC. [4]
It's essential to note that the differential diagnosis of SCLC is complex and requires careful consideration of clinical presentation, histological features, and immunohistochemical staining patterns.
References:
[1] Context result 1 [2] Context result 2 [3] Context result 3 [4] Context result 4
Additional Differential Diagnoses
- Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC)
- Atypical Carcinoid Lung Tumor
- Malignant Lymphoma
- Chronic Inflammation
- large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma
- lung adenoma
- adenoid cystic carcinoma
- urinary bladder posterior wall cancer
- obsolete metastatic cancer to the breast
Additional Information
- relatedICD
- http://example.org/icd10/C71.4
- core#notation
- DOID:0050685
- rdf-schema#label
- small cell carcinoma
- rdf-schema#subClassOf
- http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_305
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- oboInOwl#hasOBONamespace
- disease_ontology
- oboInOwl#creation_date
- 2011-06-13T01:25:14Z
- oboInOwl#id
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- DOID:7137
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- snadendla
- IAO_0000115
- A carcinoma that is an undifferentiated neoplasm composed of primitive-appearing cells.
- oboInOwl#hasExactSynonym
- Small cell carcinoma, intermediate cell
- oboInOwl#inSubset
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- https://w3id.org/def/predibionto#has_symptom_722
- owl#annotatedSource
- t332407
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