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obsolete small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the lung
ICD-10 Codes
Description
Obsolescence of Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma (SCNC) of the Lung
Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (SCNC) of the lung is a rare and aggressive type of cancer that was once considered a distinct entity. However, with advancements in diagnostic techniques and classification systems, it has largely been subsumed into other categories.
Historical Context
In the past, SCNC was recognized as a separate entity from small cell lung cancer (SCLC) due to its unique histological features and clinical behavior [1]. It was characterized by its neuroendocrine differentiation and primitive-appearing cells [5].
Current Classification
However, with the introduction of the World Health Organization's (WHO) classification system for lung tumors in 2015, SCNC has been largely reclassified as a variant of SCLC or large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) [7]. This change reflects our increasing understanding of the molecular and histological similarities between these entities.
Implications
The obsolescence of SCNC as a distinct entity has significant implications for clinical practice and research. It highlights the need for continued refinement of classification systems to reflect our evolving understanding of lung cancer biology.
References:
[1] Becht, R. (2023). Small cell cancer (SCC) is a neuroendocrine neoplasm... [Context 1]
[5] A lung carcinoma that has_material_basis_in primitive-appearing cells that are smaller than normal cells and is located_in the lung. [Context 5]
[7] High grade neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs) are usually defined by the combination of a poorly differentiated tumour cell morphology and... [Context 7]
Additional Characteristics
- a rare and aggressive type of cancer
- Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (SCNC) of the lung
- lumped into other categories
- due to unique histological features and clinical behavior
- neuroendocrine differentiation and primitive-appearing cells
- World Health Organization's (WHO) classification system for lung tumors in 2015
- reclassified as a variant of SCLC or large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC)
- significant implications for clinical practice and research
Signs and Symptoms
Based on the provided context, it appears that there are no specific search results related to "obsolete small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the lung". However, I can provide information on the general signs and symptoms of small cell lung cancer (SCLC), which is a type of neuroendocrine tumor.
Common Signs and Symptoms:
- Coughing up blood (hemoptysis) [1]
- Difficulty breathing [1]
- Facial swelling [1]
- Fatigue [2]
- Hoarseness [1]
- Loss of appetite [1]
- Swollen neck veins [1]
- Unexplained weight loss [2]
Additionally, some search results mention the following symptoms:
- Pain from a growing tumor [2]
- A growing lump you can feel under the skin [2]
- Feeling unusually tired [2]
- Losing weight without trying [2]
- Cough, which can sometimes be bloody [3]
- Wheezing [3]
- Shortness of breath [3]
- Facial flushing (redness and warmth) [4]
Please note that these symptoms may not be specific to obsolete small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the lung, but rather are general signs and symptoms associated with SCLC.
References:
[1] Context result 1 [2] Context result 2 [3] Context result 3 [4] Context result 7
Additional Symptoms
- Shortness of breath
- Difficulty breathing
- Facial swelling
- Losing weight without trying
- Coughing up blood (hemoptysis)
- Swollen neck veins
- A growing lump you can feel under the skin
- Feeling unusually tired
- Cough, which can sometimes be bloody
- Facial flushing (redness and warmth)
- weight loss
- wheezing
- hoarseness
- pain
- loss of appetite
- fatigue
Diagnostic Tests
Based on the provided context, it appears that there are several diagnostic tests used to detect small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (SCLC) of the lung.
Imaging scans: Computed tomography (CT) and positron emission tomography (PET) scans can be used to detect lung tumors, including SCLC. CT scans are often the primary method for diagnosing lung cancer [5].
Biopsy specimens or cytological preparations: A biopsy of a tumor sample can provide an accurate diagnosis of SCLC in most cases [4][9]. However, in some selected cases, it can pose difficult diagnostic dilemmas.
Sputum cytology: This noninvasive test can also be used to diagnose central lung cancers, including SCLC. If positive, it can provide an accurate diagnosis [2].
Blood tests: Blood tests for chromogranin A (CgA), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), cortisol, and substance P may also be used to look for carcinoids, which are a type of neuroendocrine tumor that can include SCLC [8].
It's worth noting that the diagnosis of small cell lung cancer is often made when it has already spread, making it more challenging to treat. Stage 4 neuroendocrine SCLC is the most common NET of the lung and is often diagnosed in this advanced stage [6].
Additional Diagnostic Tests
- Computed tomography (CT) scans
- Sputum cytology
- Positron emission tomography (PET) scans
- Biopsy specimens or cytological preparations
- Blood tests for chromogranin A, neuron-specific enolase, cortisol, and substance P
Treatment
Treatment Options for Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma (SCLC) of the Lung
Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (SCLC) of the lung is a rare and aggressive type of cancer. While it was once considered an obsolete disease, advances in medical research have led to improved treatment options.
- Chemotherapy: Chemotherapy has been a mainstay in treating SCLC. The most common combination of chemo drugs is etoposide, plus either cisplatin or carboplatin [2]. This treatment approach has shown significant improvement in survival rates.
- Targeted Therapy: Targeted therapy, such as DLL3 targeted immunotherapy, has also been explored for treating SCLC. Research has shown promising results in improving patient outcomes [3].
- Immunotherapy: Immunotherapy drugs like atezolizumab (Tecentriq) have been investigated for their potential in treating SCLC. While the evidence is still emerging, these treatments hold promise for future research [2].
Historical Context
In the past, SCLC was often treated with surgery and radiation therapy. However, due to its aggressive nature, chemotherapy became the primary treatment approach. The development of targeted therapies and immunotherapies has expanded the treatment options available for patients.
Current Research Directions
Ongoing research focuses on developing more effective treatments for SCLC. Studies are investigating new combinations of chemo drugs, as well as exploring the potential of other targeted therapies and immunotherapies [8].
References:
[1] Context result 4 [2] Context results 2 & 6 [3] Context result 3 [8] Context result 8
Recommended Medications
- Chemotherapy
- Immunotherapy
- Targeted Therapy
💊 Drug information is sourced from ChEBI (Chemical Entities of Biological Interest) database. Always consult with a healthcare professional before starting any medication. Click on any medication name for detailed information.
Differential Diagnosis
The differential diagnosis of small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (SCNC) of the lung involves a range of conditions that can mimic or be confused with SCNC. According to various medical sources [1, 3, 4, 6, 9], some of these differential diagnoses include:
- Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma: This is a type of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) that shares similarities with SCNC in terms of its histological and immunohistochemical features.
- Typical and atypical carcinoids: These are types of neuroendocrine tumors that can be confused with SCNC due to their similar histological and immunohistochemical characteristics.
- Ewing sarcoma/PNET (Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor): This is a rare type of cancer that can affect the lung and has been known to mimic SCNC in terms of its histological features.
It's worth noting that the differential diagnosis of SCNC requires a thorough evaluation of clinical, radiological, and pathological findings [1]. The use of immunohistochemistry has improved the accuracy of diagnosis for small cell lung cancer and its differential diagnoses [3].
In addition to these specific conditions, the differential diagnosis of SCNC also involves considering other types of lung cancers, such as adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, which can have overlapping features with SCNC.
References:
[1] Oct 14, 2024 — Differential Diagnoses. Atypical Carcinoid Lung Tumor. Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma. Lung Adenoma. Lung Hamartoma Imaging. [3] by N Rekhtman · 2022 · Cited by 141 — The use of immunohistochemistry improves the diagnosis of small cell lung cancer and its differential diagnosis. an international ... [4] by E Oneda · 2020 · Cited by 14 — Typically, TTF-1, synaptophysin, and chromogranin A test positive for small cell carcinoma of any organ other than the lung. [6] by WD Travis · 2012 · Cited by 385 — The differential diagnosis of SCLC encompasses NSCLC (including large cell carcinoma or basaloid squamous cell carcinoma), malignant lymphoma, ... [9] The differential diagnosis of small cell carcinoma of lung includes large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma, typical and atypical carcinoids, Ewing sarcoma/PNET.
Additional Differential Diagnoses
- Typical and atypical carcinoids
- PNET (Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor)
- large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma
- squamous cell carcinoma
- adenocarcinoma
Additional Information
- oboInOwl#hasOBONamespace
- disease_ontology
- oboInOwl#created_by
- lschriml
- oboInOwl#creation_date
- 2014-06-25T05:31:24Z
- oboInOwl#id
- DOID:0050875
- core#notation
- DOID:0050875
- rdf-schema#label
- obsolete small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the lung
- owl#deprecated
- true
- relatedICD
- http://example.org/icd10/C38.2
- 22-rdf-syntax-ns#type
- http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
- rdf-schema#domain
- https://w3id.org/def/predibionto#has_symptom_909
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