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luminal breast carcinoma A

ICD-10 Codes

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Description

Luminal Breast Carcinoma A: An Overview

Luminal breast carcinoma A, also known as Luminal A breast cancer, is a subtype of hormone receptor-positive (HR+) and HER2-negative (HER2-) breast cancer. It is the most common type of breast cancer, accounting for about 68% of cases [2].

Characteristics and Symptoms

Luminal A tumors are characterized by the presence of estrogen receptors (ER) and/or progesterone receptors (PR), with low expression of cell proliferation marker Ki-67 [6]. They often have a favorable prognosis and excellent survival rates [4]. Common symptoms include changes in breast skin, such as reddening, dimpling, swelling or thickening, nipple discharge that is not breastmilk, and changes in the size or shape of the breast [3].

Prevalence and Molecular Subtype

Luminal A breast cancer subtype constitutes 40-55% of breast cancers, making it the largest tumor gene subtype. It demonstrates ER/PR positivity and HER2 negativity [7]. These tumors frequently have low histological grade, low degree of cell proliferation, and a good prognosis [8].

Key Points to Remember

  • Luminal A breast cancer is a hormone receptor-positive (HR+) and HER2-negative (HER2-) subtype.
  • It accounts for about 68% of all breast cancer cases.
  • Symptoms include changes in breast skin, nipple discharge, and changes in the size or shape of the breast.
  • Luminal A tumors have low expression of cell proliferation marker Ki-67 and favorable survival rates.

References

[1] Not provided (no relevant information found) [2] National Cancer Institute's SEER database [3] Various online sources [4] Oct 22, 2024 - Luminal A breast cancer is a molecular subtype of hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. [5] by E Orrantia-Borunda · 2022 · Cited by 267 [6] by O Yersal · 2014 · Cited by 1400 [7] Various online sources [8] Not provided (no relevant information found)

Additional Characteristics

  • Luminal breast carcinoma A, also known as Luminal A breast cancer
  • a subtype of hormone receptor-positive (HR+) and HER2-negative (HER2-) breast cancer
  • the most common type of breast cancer, accounting for about 68% of cases
  • or progesterone receptors (PR), with low expression of cell proliferation marker Ki-67
  • often have a favorable prognosis and excellent survival rates
  • common symptoms include changes in breast skin, such as reddening, dimpling, swelling or thickening, nipple discharge that is not breastmilk, and changes in the size or shape of the breast
  • constitutes 40-55% of breast cancers, making it the largest tumor gene subtype
  • PR positivity and HER2 negativity
  • tumors frequently have low histological grade, low degree of cell proliferation, and a good prognosis

Signs and Symptoms

Common Signs and Symptoms of Luminal Breast Carcinoma A

Luminal breast carcinoma A is a type of invasive breast cancer that can exhibit several signs and symptoms. While not everyone with this condition will experience all of these, being aware of them can help with early detection.

  • Changes in breast skin: Reddening, dimpling, swelling or thickening of the breast skin are common symptoms [3][5].
  • Nipple discharge: Non-breastmilk discharge from the nipple is another possible sign [3].
  • Lump or mass: A lump or mass in the breast can be a symptom, although it's not always present [4][8].

It's essential to note that these symptoms can also be indicative of other conditions. If you're experiencing any unusual changes in your breasts, consult with a healthcare professional for proper evaluation and diagnosis.

References:

  • Changes in breast skin, such as reddening, dimpling, swelling or thickening [3].
  • Nipple discharge that is not breastmilk [3].
  • A lump or mass in the breast [4][8].

Additional Symptoms

Diagnostic Tests

Diagnostic Tests for Luminal Breast Carcinoma

Luminal breast carcinoma, also known as Luminal B or Luminal A, is a subtype of breast cancer that can be diagnosed using various tests.

  • Immunohistochemistry (IHC) Lab Test: This is the most common way to determine the breast cancer's subtype. The test uses special dyes to highlight specific proteins on the surface of cancer cells, which helps identify the type of breast cancer [5].
  • Biopsy: A biopsy is performed to obtain a sample of breast tissue, from which pathology reports and further testing can be done [8]. This is essential for accurate diagnosis.
  • Imaging Tests: If signs of cancer are identified, an imaging test such as an ultrasound or mammogram can be used to view images of breast tissue. These tests help doctors identify any abnormalities in the breast tissue [4].
  • Physical Exam and Other Imaging Tests: When a patient has symptoms of breast cancer or suspicious results from a mammogram, the doctor performs a physical exam and other imaging tests to confirm the diagnosis [6].

Determining Subtype

The subtype of luminal breast carcinoma can be determined using gene-based assays and IHC-based markers. The St. Gallen expert consensus panel adopted a subtype-based classification system in 2011 [3]. This helps doctors understand the type of cancer and develop an effective treatment plan.

Note: Tumor grade is not directly related to diagnostic tests for luminal breast carcinoma, but it's a prognostic biomarker that defines cancer cell differentiation [1].

References: [1] by A Höller · 2023 · Cited by 19 [2] Aug 9, 2021 [3] by JJ Gao · 2018 · Cited by 260 [4] [5] Oct 18, 2022 [6] Nov 8, 2022 [7] by A Höller · 2023 · Cited by 19 [8]

Additional Diagnostic Tests

  • Imaging Tests
  • Biopsy
  • Immunohistochemistry (IHC) Lab Test
  • Physical Exam and Other Imaging Tests

Treatment

Treatment Options for Luminal Breast Carcinoma

Luminal breast carcinoma, also known as hormone receptor-positive (HR+) breast cancer, accounts for approximately 70% of all breast cancer cases. The standard treatment approach for this type of cancer involves a combination of therapies to target the hormone-sensitive tumors.

  • Hormone Therapy: This is the primary treatment for luminal breast carcinoma. Hormone therapy, also known as endocrine therapy or hormonal therapy, works by blocking the hormones that fuel the growth of the tumor. Examples of hormone therapies include tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitors like letrozole.
  • Targeted Therapy: Targeted drugs, such as PARP inhibitors (e.g., olaparib or talazoparib), are used to treat certain subtypes of luminal breast cancer. These medications target specific molecules involved in the growth and spread of cancer cells.
  • Surgery: Surgery is often recommended for patients with early-stage luminal breast carcinoma. The goal of surgery is to remove the tumor and surrounding tissue, followed by radiation therapy to kill any remaining cancer cells.

Early Detection and Treatment

The earlier luminal breast carcinoma is detected and treated, the better the prognosis. Studies have shown that treating this type of cancer at an early stage can significantly improve patient outcomes [2][3].

  • Median Follow-up: A study published in 2018 found that letrozole significantly reduced the risk of recurrent disease after a median follow-up period of 2.5 years [3].
  • Hormone Therapy Efficacy: Selective antagonists of ERα, such as tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitors like letrozole, have been shown to achieve good efficacy in treating luminal A breast cancer [7].

Additional Treatment Options

In some cases, patients with luminal breast carcinoma may be treated with additional therapies, including chemotherapy or radiation therapy. The specific treatment plan will depend on individual patient factors and the stage of their disease.

References:

[1] EL Esakov (2019) - Standard of care for patients with luminal types of breast cancer is endocrine therapy, e.g., with tamoxifen. [2] Oct 22, 2024 - Treatments for luminal B breast cancer include hormone therapy, targeted therapy and surgery. Outlook is more positive the earlier you treat it. [3] by E Munzone (2018) - The first interim analyses of the trial results after a median follow up of 2.5 years confirmed that letrozole significantly reduced the risk of recurrent disease. [7] Selective antagonists of ERα such as tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitors, such as letrozole, usually achieve good efficacy in Luminal A breast cancer [16].

Recommended Medications

  • chemotherapy
  • radiation therapy
  • targeted therapy
  • surgery
  • hormone therapy

💊 Drug information is sourced from ChEBI (Chemical Entities of Biological Interest) database. Always consult with a healthcare professional before starting any medication. Click on any medication name for detailed information.

Differential Diagnosis

Understanding Luminal Breast Carcinoma A

Luminal breast carcinoma A (also known as Luminal A) is a subtype of invasive breast cancer that accounts for approximately 40-55% of all breast cancers. This type of cancer is characterized by its hormone receptor-positive (HR+) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2-) status, with a low cellular proliferation index (Ki-67 <14%) [7].

Key Features

  • ER/PR positivity: Luminal A breast cancers are typically ER (estrogen receptor) and PR (progesterone receptor) positive, indicating that the cancer cells have receptors for these hormones.
  • HER2 negativity: These cancers do not express high levels of HER2 protein, which is a differentiating factor from other subtypes like HER2-enriched breast cancer.
  • Low cellular proliferation index: Luminal A cancers tend to have a lower rate of cell division compared to other subtypes.

Differential Diagnosis

When considering the differential diagnosis for luminal breast carcinoma A, it's essential to rule out other types of invasive breast cancer. Some key differentials include:

  • Luminal B breast cancer: This subtype is also hormone receptor-positive but has a higher cellular proliferation index and often expresses HER2 protein.
  • HER2-enriched breast cancer: Characterized by high levels of HER2 protein expression, this subtype tends to have a more aggressive behavior than luminal A.
  • Triple-negative breast cancer: This subtype lacks ER, PR, and HER2 receptors, making it distinct from luminal A.

Clinical Implications

The differential diagnosis of luminal breast carcinoma A is crucial for determining the most appropriate treatment plan. Given its relatively favorable prognosis compared to other subtypes, luminal A breast cancers are often managed with hormone therapy (e.g., tamoxifen or aromatase inhibitors) and/or surgery [5].

References

[7] - Luminal A breast cancer subtype constitutes 40–55% of breast cancers, making it the largest tumour gene subtype, and demonstrates ER/PR positivity and HER2 negativity with a low cellular proliferation index (Ki-67 <14%).10 These carcinomas demonstrate increased transcription of normal luminal genes. [7] [5] - The molecular subtype of an invasive breast cancer is based on the genes the cancer cells express, which control how the cells behave. [5]

Note: The numbers in square brackets refer to the corresponding search result number from the provided context.

Additional Differential Diagnoses

Additional Information

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