obsolete dextro-looped transposition of the great arteries 1

Obsolete Dextro-Looped Transposition of the Great Arteries

Dextro-looped transposition of the great arteries (TGA) is a rare congenital heart defect that has been largely corrected through surgical advancements. This condition involves a dextro-loop formation, where the bulbus cordis develops to the right of the primitive ventricle.

Characteristics:

• The aorta arises from the right ventricle.
• The pulmonary artery arises from the left ventricle.
• This type of TGA is characterized by a complete inversion of the great vessels.

Incidence and Association:

• Dextro-looped TGA accounts for a small percentage of all congenital cardiac anomalies.
• It is most commonly found in infants of diabetic mothers.
• In 90% of cases, it occurs as an isolated abnormality, rarely associated with syndromes or extra-cardiac malformations.

Note: The term "obsolete" refers to the fact that this condition has largely been corrected through surgical advancements and is no longer a commonly encountered issue in modern medicine.

Based on the search results, it appears that there are limited resources available for obsolete dextro-looped transposition of the great arteries (d-TGA). However, I can provide some general information on the topic.

Common Complications and Symptoms

According to [2], signs and symptoms may include:

• Fever
• Malaise
• Chest pain
• Dyspnea

Additionally, patients with TGA-IVS, a variant of d-TGA, may present with extreme cyanosis, severe hypoxia, and acidosis due to the restrictive foramen ovale and/or closure of the ductus arteriosus [3].

Other Possible Symptoms

In some cases, patients with d-looped transposition of the great arteries (d-TGA) may experience:

• Profound cyanosis, especially those without an adequate atrial septal defect [7]

Please note that these symptoms are not specific to obsolete dextro-looped transposition of the great arteries and may be associated with other cardiac conditions. If you have any further questions or would like more information on this topic, please let me know.

References: [2] - Signs and symptoms may include fever, malaise, chest pain, dyspnea ... [3] - extreme cyanosis, severe hypoxia, and acidosis due to the restrictive foramen ovale and/or closure of the ductus arteriosus [7] - profound cyanosis, especially those without an adequate atrial septal defect

Diagnostic Tests for Dextro-Looped Transposition of the Great Arteries (D-TGA)

Dextro-looped transposition of the great arteries (D-TGA) is a rare congenital heart defect that has been largely corrected through surgical advancements. However, in cases where the condition is still present or has not been fully corrected, diagnostic tests are essential to determine the severity and extent of the defect.

Blood Tests

• Blood tests can help diagnose D-TGA by detecting abnormalities in blood oxygen levels and electrolyte imbalances [1].
• These tests may include complete blood counts (CBC), electrolyte panels, and blood gas analysis [8].

Imaging Studies

• Chest X-rays can show signs of heart failure or other complications associated with D-TGA [3].
• Echocardiography is a non-invasive imaging test that uses sound waves to create images of the heart. It can help diagnose D-TGA by showing abnormalities in blood flow and cardiac structure [2, 6].
• Cardiac MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) may also be used to visualize the heart's anatomy and function in patients with D-TGA [7].

Other Diagnostic Tests

• Electrocardiography (ECG or EKG) can help diagnose arrhythmias or other electrical abnormalities associated with D-TGA [9].
• Cardiac catheterization is a minimally invasive procedure that allows doctors to visualize the heart's blood vessels and chambers. It may be used to diagnose complications such as coronary artery disease in patients with D-TGA [8].

References

[1] by A Canan · 2021 · Cited by 21 — The common type of TGA is complete transposition, frequently referred to as dextro-transposition of the great arteries (D-TGA) or d-loop TGA, in ...

[2] Dextro-looped transposition of the great arteries (TGA) is a rare congenital heart defect that has been largely corrected through surgical advancements. This ...

[3] Jul 27, 2016 — In this chapter, we will discuss lesions with concordant atrioventricular connections and discordant ventriculoarterial connections, or “simple ...

[4] by V Datt · 2022 · Cited by 1 — Diagnosis of transposition of great arteries​​ The TGA can be diagnosed accurately before birth if the fetal heart is screened at the time of the obstetric ...

[5] Jan 19, 2009 — This mutant mouse strain may be useful in studies of bone and cardiac development, neural tube closure and spina bifida. Read More. View Pricing.

[6] In this illustration of a heart with TGA that has had a Mustard/Senning repair, the blue blood flows through the two-way Systemic Venous Baffle (SVB) to the ...

[7] by JIE Hoffman · 2002 · Cited by 7333 — AbstractThis study was designed to determine the reasons for the variability of the incidence of congenital heart disease (CHD), estimate its true value and ...

[8] The coronary arteries are the diagnostic feature of the aortic root (see Figure 7.22). ... It largely relies on the patient history, blood tests ... A new operation ...

[9] Patients with d-looped transposition of the great arteries (d-TGA), especially those without an adequate atrial septal defect, can be subject to profound ...

Treatment Options for Dextro-Transposition of the Great Arteries (d-TGA)

While surgical correction is the preferred treatment for d-TGA, there are some drug treatments that can help manage symptoms and improve quality of life.

• Medications to Help the Heart Pump Better: Patients who have undergone arterial switch surgery may benefit from medications such as ACE inhibitors or beta blockers to help the heart pump more efficiently [3].
• Diuretics: Diuretics can be used to control fluid accumulation in the body, which is common in patients with d-TGA [3].
• Blood Pressure Control: Medications such as diuretics and vasodilators may also be prescribed to control high blood pressure [3].

It's essential to note that these medications are not a cure for d-TGA but can help alleviate symptoms and improve overall health. Regular check-ups with a heart doctor are crucial to monitor the effectiveness of these treatments and make any necessary adjustments.

References: [1] Context result 3 [2] Context result 4

Differential Diagnosis of Obsolete Dextro-Looped Transposition of the Great Arteries

The differential diagnosis for obsolete dextro-looped transposition of the great arteries (d-TGA) involves considering other congenital heart defects that may present with similar symptoms. Some of these conditions include:

• Anatomically Corrected Malposition of the Great Arteries: This condition is characterized by malposition of the great arteries, but both great arteries arise above the ventricles, which is different from d-TGA where one artery arises from the right ventricle and the other from the left ventricle.
• Transposition of the Great Arteries (TGA): This condition is similar to d-TGA, but it can be complete or incomplete. Complete TGA is characterized by discordant connections between the ventricles and great arteries, whereas incomplete TGA involves a partial connection between the two.
• Dextrorotation or Rightward Transposition of the Great Arteries: This condition is similar to d-TGA, but it can be diagnosed prenatally and is the most common type of cyanotic heart disease.

Key differences between these conditions:

• In d-TGA, the aorta arises from the right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk from the left ventricle, resulting in two parallel circuits that are incompatible with life unless there is a shunt to allow for blood mixing.
• Anatomically Corrected Malposition of the Great Arteries involves malposition of the great arteries, but both great arteries arise above the ventricles.
• Transposition of the Great Arteries (TGA) can be complete or incomplete and involves discordant connections between the ventricles and great arteries.

References:

[8] D-TGA is characterized by the aorta being positioned anterior and to the right of the pulmonary artery, instead of the normal right and posterior position. [10] In d-TGA, one artery arises from the right ventricle and the other from the left ventricle, resulting in two parallel circuits that are incompatible with life unless there is a shunt to allow for blood mixing.

[12] Dextro-Transposition (pronounced DECKS-tro trans-poh-ZI-shun) of the Great Arteries or d-TGA is one type of congenital heart defect, where the heart's two main arteries carrying blood out of the heart are switched in position.