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renal hypomagnesemia 6

ICD-10 Codes

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Description

Renal hypomagnesemia, also known as hypomagnesemia, is a condition characterized by low levels of magnesium in the blood. Specifically, it is defined as a serum magnesium level lower than 1.8 mg/dL [number 6]. Most patients with this condition are not symptomatic until their magnesium levels fall to lower levels.

Renal hypomagnesemia can be caused by various factors, including impaired reabsorption of magnesium in the proximal tubular cells [number 3], increased glomerular filtration, and other underlying kidney diseases [number 8]. This condition can lead to a range of symptoms, including recurrent urinary tract infections, polyuria/polydipsia, and other complications.

It's worth noting that hypomagnesemia is often associated with other electrolyte imbalances, such as hypercalciuria (elevated calcium levels in the urine) [number 5]. If left untreated, renal hypomagnesemia can progress to more severe kidney disease.

Additional Characteristics

  • Recurrent urinary tract infections
  • Low levels of magnesium in the blood
  • Impaired reabsorption of magnesium in the proximal tubular cells
  • Increased glomerular filtration
  • Other underlying kidney diseases
  • polydipsia
  • Hypercalciuria (elevated calcium levels in the urine)
  • More severe kidney disease

Signs and Symptoms

**Common

Additional Symptoms

Diagnostic Tests

Diagnostic Tests for Renal Hypomagnesemia

Renal hypomagnesemia can be diagnosed through various tests, which help to assess the level of magnesium in the blood and urine. Here are some diagnostic tests that may be ordered:

  • Serum Magnesium Test: This test measures the amount of magnesium in the blood. It is a simple blood test that can be used to diagnose hypomagnesemia.
  • 24-hour Urinary Magnesium Test: This test measures the amount of magnesium excreted in the urine over a 24-hour period. It helps to assess the kidney's ability to regulate magnesium levels.
  • Electrocardiogram (ECG): An ECG may be ordered to rule out any cardiac abnormalities that could be related to hypomagnesemia.

These tests can help to differentiate between renal and extra-renal causes of hypomagnesemia. According to [6], the assessment of urinary Mg2+ excretion is helpful in differentiating renal from extra-renal (non-renal) causes of hypomagnesemia.

Additionally, a blood test will be ordered to check your magnesium level, and the normal range is 1.3 to 2.1 mEq/L (0.65 to 1.05 mmol/L). [7]

It's essential to note that these tests should only be performed under the guidance of a healthcare professional.

References: [6] by MH Tseng · 2022 · Cited by 14 — Besides detailed history and complete physical examination, the assessment of urinary Mg2+ excretion is help to differentiate renal from extra-renal ( ... [7] Tests that may be ordered include an electrocardiogram (ECG). A blood test will be ordered to check your magnesium level. Normal range is 1.3 to 2.1 mEq/L (0.65 ...

Additional Diagnostic Tests

  • Electrocardiogram (ECG)
  • Serum Magnesium Test
  • 24-hour Urinary Magnesium Test
  • blood test

Treatment

Treatment Options for Renal Hypomagnesemia

Renal hypomagnesemia, a condition characterized by low magnesium levels in the blood due to kidney issues, can be treated with various medications. The goal of treatment is to correct the magnesium imbalance and prevent complications.

  • Magnesium supplements: Oral or intravenous magnesium supplements are often prescribed to raise magnesium levels in the blood.
  • Diuretics with magnesium-sparing properties: Certain diuretics, such as spironolactone and amiloride, can help conserve magnesium in the body. These medications may be beneficial for patients with renal hypomagnesemia caused by increased urinary magnesium excretion.
  • Loperamide: This medication can help manage loose stools associated with magnesium supplementation.

Important Considerations

When treating renal hypomagnesemia, it's essential to consider individual patient factors, such as the underlying cause of the condition and any potential interactions with other medications. Close monitoring of magnesium levels and overall health is crucial to ensure effective treatment and prevent complications.

Citations:

  • [6] Magnesium (Mg[2+] ) is an important intracellular cation and essential to maintain cell function including cell proliferation, immunity, cellular energy metabolism, protein and nucleic acid synthesis, and magnesium handling by the kidney; Etiology of hypocalcemia in adults; Evaluation and management of drug-resistant epilepsy; Hungry bone syndrome following parathyroidectomy in patients with end-stage kidney disease; Hypomagnesemia: Clinical manifestations of magnesium depletion; Hypomagnesemia: Evaluation and treatment
  • [13] by EC Ray · 2020 · Cited by 34 — Therapy for hypomagnesemia, Maximum tolerated oral magnesium, plus loperamide for loose stools; intravenous magnesium (5g/d, split into am and pm doses)

Recommended Medications

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Differential Diagnosis

Causes of Renal Hypomagnesemia

Renal hypomagnesemia can result from inherited renal tubular defects or medications, as well as the following:

  • Alcoholism: Chronic alcohol consumption can lead to renal magnesium wasting.
  • Medications: Certain diuretics, such as furosemide, can cause renal magnesium loss.

These causes are in addition to other factors that can contribute to hypomagnesemia, such as gastrointestinal losses (e.g., diarrhea), malnutrition, cirrhosis, pancreatitis, and diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA).

References

  • [6] Jan 15, 2024 - This information is consistent with the general understanding of causes of renal hypomagnesemia.

Additional Differential Diagnoses

Additional Information

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