spermatogenic failure 10

Spermatogenic failure refers to a condition where there is a disruption in the development of sperm from diploid cells to mature haploid spermatozoa [3]. This can result in male infertility due to various factors, including genetic abnormalities, chromosomal issues, and testicular dysfunction.

Some common characteristics of spermatogenic failure include:

• Decreased sperm motility
• Low sperm concentration (oligoasthenoteratozoospermia)
• Presence of abnormal or immature sperm
• Nonobstructive azoospermia (absence of sperm in the ejaculate)

Spermatogenic failure can be caused by various factors, including:

• Genetic abnormalities, such as chromosomal deletions or duplications [5]
• Testicular dysfunction, which can result from hormonal imbalances or other testicular issues
• Environmental and lifestyle factors, such as exposure to toxins or certain medications

It's worth noting that spermatogenic failure is a severe form of male infertility, and treatment options are often limited. However, in some cases, assisted reproductive technologies (ART) like IVF may be available as a viable option for couples struggling with infertility [9].

References: [3] Categories. [5] by LF Pisani · 2008 · Cited by 90 [9] by APP Achermann · 2020

Based on the provided context, here are the signs and symptoms of spermatogenic failure:

• Azoospermia (no sperm in a person's ejaculate) [5]
• Oligospermia (fewer than the usual number of sperm cells) [9]
• Reduced testicular volume [7]
• Decreased serum testosterone [7]
• Increased LH (luteinizing hormone) levels [7]

Additionally, spermatogenic failure can also be characterized by:

• Immature or abnormally shaped sperm [6]
• Low sperm concentration or motility
• Infertility in men due to deficiencies in sperm formation, concentration, or transportation [8]

It's worth noting that these symptoms may not always be present and can vary from person to person. If you're experiencing any of these symptoms, it's essential to consult a healthcare professional for proper evaluation and diagnosis.

References: [5] - Azoospermia means there's no sperm in a person's ejaculate (semen). Blockages, structural issues and hormonal problems cause it. It may cause infertility. [6] - Sperm may be immature, abnormally shaped, or unable to swim. In some cases, you may not have enough sperm. [7] - by F Tüttelmann · 2018 · Cited by 261 — Men with this type of severe spermatogenic failure may also exhibit reduced testicular volume, decreased serum testosterone and increased LH ... [8] - Nov 9, 2023 — Infertility in men can result from deficiencies in sperm formation, concentration, or transportation. This general division allows an appropriate workup. [9] - Jan 1, 2019 — An affected man's body may produce no mature sperm cells (azoospermia), fewer than the usual number of sperm cells (oligospermia), or sperm ...

Diagnostic Tests for Spermatogenic Failure

Spermatogenic failure refers to a condition where the testes are unable to produce sperm, leading to male infertility. Several diagnostic tests can help identify this condition and determine its underlying cause.

• Karyotype Analysis (KA): This genetic test examines the number and structure of chromosomes in the body's cells. It is commonly performed to diagnose spermatogenic failure caused by chromosomal abnormalities [1].
• Y-Chromosome Microdeletion Screening: This test detects microdeletions on the Y chromosome, which can cause spermatogenic failure due to impaired sperm production [8].
• CFTR Gene Mutation Testing: This genetic test identifies mutations in the CFTR gene, which can lead to spermatogenic failure and male infertility [8].
• Semen Analysis: A semen analysis is a primary test used to diagnose male infertility. It measures various parameters such as sperm count, motility, and morphology [2].
• Blood Tests (FSH): Blood tests can help determine whether zero sperm count is due to a production or transport problem. FSH levels in the blood can indicate if there's an issue with sperm production [9].

These diagnostic tests can provide valuable information about the underlying cause of spermatogenic failure and guide further treatment options.

References: [1] DL Pelzman · 2021 · Cited by 18 [2] What tests will be done to diagnose male infertility? [8] by DL Pelzman · 2021 · Cited by 18 [9] In a majority of men, physical exam of the testes and blood tests (FSH) can help diagnose whether zero sperm count is due to a production or a transport problem...

Treatment Options for Spermatogenic Failure

Spermatogenic failure, also known as nonobstructive azoospermia, is a condition where there is no sperm in the ejaculate due to problems with sperm production. While there are various treatment options available, drug treatment plays a crucial role in addressing this issue.

Hormonal Therapy

• Hormonal therapy, specifically human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone (rhFSH), has been shown to induce spermatogenesis in men with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH) who failed to respond to treatment with hCG alone [3].
• However, a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled study found that pentoxifylline (PTX) had no augmentation role in erectile dysfunction (ED) patients who fail selective phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE5Is) [4].

Other Treatment Options

• In men with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH) who fail to respond to gonadotropin therapy, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) therapy may be an option [7].
• However, GnRH therapy is not possible in men who do not have a functioning pituitary gland.

Important Considerations

• Azoospermia means there's no sperm in a person's ejaculate. Its causes include a blockage along the reproductive tract, hormonal problems, ejaculation problems [5].
• Many patients take supplements, complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), and over-the-counter (OTC) drugs concurrently with prescription drugs, often failing to inform their physician [6].

In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)

• IVF is a commonly used technique for various infertility problems, including female tubal blockages. However, it may not be the most suitable option for spermatogenic failure.

It's essential to consult with a healthcare professional to determine the best course of treatment for individual cases of spermatogenic failure.

References:

[1] R Ramasamy (2012) - This review focuses on the rationale and current evidence for hormonal and antioxidant therapy in medical treatment of male infertility, spermatogenic failure...

[3] AA Dabaja (2014) - A multicenter, safety study demonstrated that the combination of hCG and rhFSH induces spermatogenesis in men with HH who failed to respond to treatment with...

[4] Y Lu (2022) - A randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled study showed that PTX had no augmentation role in ED patients who fail selective PDE5Is (Law et al...

[5] - Azoospermia means there's no sperm in a person's ejaculate. Its causes include a blockage along the reproductive tract, hormonal problems, ejaculation problems.

[6] J Ding (2016) - Moreover, many patients take supplements, CAM, and OTC drugs concurrently with prescription drugs (and often fail to inform their physician...

[7] - However, in men with IHH who fail to respond to gonadotropin therapy, GnRH therapy may be an option. GnRH therapy is also not possible in men who do not have...

The differential diagnosis of spermatogenic failure involves identifying the underlying causes of reduced sperm production or delivery in males.

According to various studies, spermatogenic failure can be caused by several factors, including:

• Hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism [6]
• Cryptorchidism [6]
• Delayed puberty or male pseudohermaphroditism [6]
• Monogenic disorders [6]

In addition to these genetic causes, spermatogenic failure can also be caused by acquired conditions such as:

• Testicular trauma or injury
• Infections (e.g. epididymitis)
• Tumors or cysts in the testes or surrounding tissues

To establish a differential diagnosis, healthcare providers typically perform a thorough medical history and physical examination, followed by laboratory tests to evaluate sperm parameters, hormone levels, and other relevant factors.

The diagnostic process may also involve imaging studies (e.g. ultrasound) to visualize the reproductive organs and detect any abnormalities.

References:

• [6] LF Pisani · 2008 · Cited by 90 — In monogenic disorders, spermatogenic failure results from hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism, cryptorchidism, delayed puberty or male pseudohermaphroditism and ...
• [10] Causes of male fertility can be hard to diagnose. The problems are most often with sperm production or delivery. Diagnosis starts with a full history and ...