atrial standstill 2

Atrial Standstill 2 (ATRST2) is a rare condition characterized by the absence of electrical and mechanical activity in the atria, as described in [13]. This condition is caused by a mutation in the NPPA gene on chromosome 1p36.

The symptoms of ATRST2 include:

• Absence of P waves in the electrocardiogram (ECG)
• Bradycardia (slow heart rate)
• Junctional or ventricular escape rhythm
• Syncope (fainting)

ATRST2 is a rare and serious condition that requires prompt medical attention. It is essential to seek medical help if you experience any of these symptoms.

The diagnostic criteria for ATRST2 include:

• Absence of P waves in the ECG
• Narrow QRS complexes
• Evidence of atrial standstill during electrophysiology study

It's worth noting that ATRST2 is a rare condition, and more research is needed to fully understand its causes and effects. However, early detection and treatment can significantly improve outcomes for individuals affected by this condition.

References:

[13] - Atrial standstill associated with massive atrial dilation (ATRST2; 615745) is caused by mutation in the NPPA gene on chromosome 1p36. [14] - Atrial standstill (AS) refers to the absence of atrial activity, as evidenced by bradycardia, lack of P waves, and junctional or ventricular escape rhythm.

Atrial standstill, a rare cardiac rhythm disease, is characterized by a transient or permanent absence of electrical and mechanical atrial activity. The clinical manifestations of this condition include:

• Bradycardia: A slow heart rate without discernible P waves on the electrocardiogram (ECG) [2, 3]
• Ectopic rhythms: Irregular heartbeats originating from outside the normal sinus rhythm [2]
• Congestive heart failure: Signs of fluid buildup in the body, such as coughing and difficulty breathing [4]
• Fainting: Syncope due to reduced blood flow to the brain [5]
• Cardiomegaly: Enlargement of the heart [3]

These symptoms can vary in severity and may be accompanied by other signs, including:

• Lethargy: A state of physical or mental weakness [8]
• Dizziness: Feeling unsteady or lightheaded [5]
• Shortness of breath: Difficulty breathing due to fluid buildup in the lungs [4]

It's essential to note that these symptoms can be similar to those experienced during sudden cardiac arrest, which is a life-threatening condition. If you suspect someone is experiencing atrial standstill or sudden cardiac arrest, seek immediate medical attention.

References: [1] Chavez et al., 1946 [2] Search result 2 [3] Search result 3 [4] Search result 4 [5] Search result 5

Based on the context provided, diagnostic tests for atrial standstill can be confirmed through various methods.

• An echocardiogram can reveal the absence of atrial contraction [4].
• The diagnosis can also be confirmed through an electrophysiology study, which shows no mechanical atrial activity [2].
• Clinical findings leading to the diagnosis of atrial standstill during electrophysiology study include the lack of electrical atrial activity and the lack of mechanical atrial activity [7].

Additionally, diagnostic testing in atrial standstill may involve:

• Resting electrocardiogram (ECG) to show the absence of P waves and bradycardia, along with a wide QRS complex [9].
• Holter ECG or other tests to establish the diagnosis of sinus node disease [8].

It's worth noting that the clinical course of atrial standstill varies greatly, and the absence of P waves and bradycardia, along with a wide QRS complex, are seen on the electrocardiogram (ECG) [9].

Treatment of Atrial Standstill

Atrial standstill, also known as third-degree atrioventricular (AV) block, is a serious heart condition where the electrical impulses from the atria to the ventricles are blocked. The treatment for this condition focuses on its consequences and potential complications.

• Anticoagulation: Patients with atrial standstill should be on lifelong oral anticoagulation to prevent thromboembolic events, especially cerebral [1].
• Pacemaker Implantation: Pacemaker implantation may improve heart rate and cardiac output. This can help alleviate symptoms such as syncope and fatigue [3][9].
• Heart Failure Management: Treatment also includes managing heart failure, which is a common complication of atrial standstill. This involves the use of diuretics and vasodilators to reduce fluid buildup in the body [2][3].
• Thromboembolic Risk: Anticoagulation therapy is essential to prevent thromboembolic events, such as stroke or pulmonary embolism [1][4].

It's worth noting that the treatment for atrial standstill may evolve as medical advances are made. Therefore, the medications used should not be considered all-inclusive [5]. The first course of action when an atrial standstill occurs is to treat any underlying conditions, such as hyperkalemia, with aggressive fluid therapy [6].

In cases where no reversible cause is detected, permanent cardiac pacing may be considered a therapeutic option [8]. However, the case reported here leads us to believe that in a patient with atrial standstill and chronotropic incompetence, permanent oral anticoagulant therapy may also be necessary [7].

References: [1] MA Khatoun (2022) [2] M Duchini [3] M Marini (2004) [4] MA Khatoun (2022) [5] The treatment for a particular condition may evolve as medical advances are made; therefore, the medications should not be considered as all inclusive. [6] The first course of action when an atrial standstill occurs is to treat any underlying conditions. If the cause is hyperkalemia, aggressive fluid therapy is ... [7] However, the case reported here leads us to believe that in a patient with atrial standstill and chronotropic incompetence, permanent oral anticoagulant therapy ... [8] Jun 5, 2024 — The therapeutic options for these patients described in the current literature, in which no reversible cause is detected, are permanent cardiac ... [9] Pacemaker implantation may improve heart rate and cardiac output. Other treatment aims to palliate clinical signs of CHF.

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