hot water epilepsy 2

Hot water epilepsy, also known as reflex epilepsy, is a type of epilepsy that occurs when an individual is exposed to hot water, typically while bathing or showering.

Characteristics and Symptoms

• Hot water epilepsy is generally considered a self-limiting condition, meaning it tends to resolve on its own without any long-term consequences [3].
• Seizures often occur when individuals are seated in a warm or hot bath, with temperatures usually above 37°C (98.6°F) [6].
• The seizures associated with hot water epilepsy can be brief and may consist of complex visual hallucinations and speech arrest, followed by a return to normal consciousness [9].

Prevalence and Geographic Distribution

• Hot water epilepsy has been reported most frequently from Southern India, although occasional cases have been documented in other regions [7].
• Cases have also been reported in Saudi Arabia and other parts of the world, including Europe and North America [2].

Triggering Factors

• The primary triggering factor for hot water epilepsy is exposure to hot water while bathing or showering.
• Other factors, such as stress, fatigue, or certain medical conditions, may contribute to the development of seizures in individuals prone to hot water epilepsy.

It's essential to note that hot water epilepsy is a rare condition, and most cases are self-limiting. However, if you experience any symptoms or concerns related to hot water epilepsy, it's crucial to consult with a healthcare professional for proper evaluation and guidance.

Hot water epilepsy, also known as reflex epilepsy, is a rare condition characterized by seizures triggered by pouring hot water over the head or face. The symptoms of hot water epilepsy can vary from person to person but often include:

• Seizures: These are the primary symptom of hot water epilepsy and can range from mild to severe. They may be generalized (affecting the entire body) or focal (limited to a specific area).
• Triggered by hot water: The seizures are typically triggered by pouring hot water over the head, face, neck, or trunk during bathing.
• Age-specific: Hot water epilepsy is more common in children and adolescents.

According to search results [2], two children from Saudi Arabia presented with seizures following pouring hot water on their head while bathing. They were afebrile (no fever), conscious, moving all four limbs, and had no long tract signs. Routine blood tests, including complete blood counts and electrolyte levels, were normal.

In another case [8], a seven-year-old male child experienced episodes of vomiting-like symptoms when taking a bath for the last few months. This suggests that hot water epilepsy can manifest in different ways, even without seizures.

It's essential to note that hot water epilepsy is generally considered a self-limiting benign disease, although its long-term course and prognosis remain unknown [7]. If you suspect someone has hot water epilepsy, it's crucial to seek medical attention immediately.

Hot water epilepsy, also known as reflex epilepsy, can be diagnosed through various tests. Here are some diagnostic tests that may be used to diagnose hot water epilepsy:

• Electroencephalogram (EEG): This is the most common test used to diagnose epilepsy, including hot water epilepsy. An EEG measures the electrical activity in the brain and can detect abnormal patterns that may indicate seizures.
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) brain study: An MRI scan can be used to rule out other conditions that may be causing the symptoms of hot water epilepsy. However, most patients with hot water epilepsy have normal MRI results [8].
• Routine blood tests: These include complete blood count, serum electrolytes, serum calcium, and blood sugar levels. These tests are usually within normal limits in patients with hot water epilepsy [2].

It's worth noting that the diagnosis of hot water epilepsy is often based on a combination of clinical evaluation, medical history, and test results. A healthcare professional may use these diagnostic tests to rule out other conditions and confirm the diagnosis.

References: [2] Routine blood tests, including complete blood count, serum electrolytes, serum calcium, blood sugar, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain, as well as sleep EEG were within normal limits. [8] Routine blood tests, including complete blood count, biochemistry and neuroimaging [magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain study] as well as sleep EEG were within normal limits.

Treatment Options for Hot Water Epilepsy

Hot water epilepsy (HWE) can be effectively managed through various treatment options, which include:

• Antiepileptic drugs: Prophylactic clobazam is considered the first choice treatment option [2]. Other antiepileptic medications such as levetiracetam, lamotrigine, oxcarbazepine, valproic acid, and clobazam may also be used in some cases [7].
• Temperature control: Reducing the water temperature during bathing can help prevent new seizures [6]. In some cases, lowering the temperature or changing the method of washing may be enough to manage HWE without antiepileptic drugs [5].

Key Points

• Antiepileptic medications are effective in preventing seizures associated with hot water epilepsy.
• Prophylactic clobazam is considered a first-line treatment option for HWE.
• Temperature control measures, such as reducing the water temperature or changing the method of washing, can also be effective in managing HWE.

References

[2] Ekici A. (2017). Successful treatment of hot water epilepsy with daily clobazam prophylaxis. [Context 2] [5] Kowacs PA. (2005). Hot-water epilepsy: a case report. [Context 5] [6] Daems F. (2023). Reducing the risk of seizures in hot water epilepsy. [Context 6] [7] Hanci F. (2020). Treatment of hot water epilepsy with levetiracetam and other antiepileptic medications. [Context 7]

Differential Diagnosis of Hot Water Epilepsy

Hot water epilepsy (HWE) can be differentiated from other seizure events and syncope through a thorough history and ictal video-EEG recordings.

• Syncope: Unlike syncope, HWE is characterized by seizures precipitated by immersion in hot water or pouring of hot water over the body. Syncope, on the other hand, is typically caused by a sudden loss of blood flow to the brain.
• Other seizure events: Differential diagnosis with other seizure events can be achieved through ictal video-EEG recordings, which help to avoid confusion with paroxysmal events such as HWE.

According to [3], differential diagnosis is possible through ictal video-EEG recordings, mostly to avoid confusion with other paroxysmal events. Few ictal recordings are available for HWE, making it essential to rely on thorough history and clinical evaluation.

References:

• [2] - Differential Diagnosis
• [3] - Hot water epilepsy (HWE) is a form of reflex or sensory epilepsy in which seizures are precipitated by immersion in hot water or pouring of hot water over the body.