age related macular degeneration 8

Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD): A Chronic Eye Condition

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a chronic but painless disease that affects the retina, specifically the macula, which is responsible for central vision. There are two types of AMD: dry and wet.

• Dry AMD: This type of AMD is characterized by a gradual deterioration of the macula as retinal cells die off and are not renewed. [8]
• Wet AMD: In contrast, wet AMD involves the growth of abnormal blood vessels under the retina, which can leak fluid and cause rapid vision loss.

AMD typically affects individuals over 50 years old, with the risk increasing with age. It is a leading cause of vision loss in Americans 60 and older. [6]

Symptoms of Dry AMD

The most common symptom of dry AMD is blurred vision, where objects in the center part of your vision may look distorted and dim, and colors appear faded. You may also experience difficulty reading or performing other daily activities that require central vision.

Prevention and Treatment

While there is no cure for AMD, early detection and treatment can help slow its progression. Lifestyle changes such as quitting smoking, eating a healthy diet rich in fruits and vegetables, and exercising regularly can help reduce the risk of developing AMD. Additionally, certain medications and treatments are available to manage symptoms and slow disease progression.

References

• [8] Dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a gradual deterioration of the macula as the retinal cells die off and are not renewed.
• [6] Macular degeneration, or age-related macular degeneration (AMD), is a leading cause of vision loss in Americans 60 and older.

Common Signs and Symptoms of Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD)

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a condition that affects the macula, the part of the retina responsible for central vision. The symptoms of AMD can vary from person to person, but here are some common signs:

• Blurred or distorted area in your vision: This is often the first symptom of AMD, and it may appear as a small blind spot or a wavy line in your vision [4].
• Loss of central vision: As AMD progresses, you may notice that you're having trouble seeing details straight ahead, such as reading fine print or recognizing faces [2].
• Visual distortions: Straight lines may appear bent or wavy, and colors may fade or become less vibrant [3][7].
• Dark spots or gaps in your vision: These can appear suddenly or gradually over time, especially first thing in the morning [6].
• Difficulty seeing in low light: People with AMD may find it harder to see in dimly lit environments, as their central vision is affected [3].

It's essential to note that these symptoms can also be caused by other eye conditions. If you're experiencing any of these signs, consult an eye care professional for a proper diagnosis and treatment plan.

References: [2] - Early Symptoms: Loss of the central vision you need to see details straight ahead, blurry or wavy areas in your vision. [3] - Visual distortions, such as straight lines seeming bent. Reduced central vision in one or both eyes. The need for brighter light to see clearly. [4] - The first symptom is often a blurred or distorted area in your vision. ... If it gets worse, you might struggle to see anything in the middle of your vision. [6] - What are the symptoms? · Gaps or dark spots (like a smudge on glasses) may appear in your vision, especially first thing in the morning. · Colours can fade. · You ... [7] - Dark, blurry areas in the center of your vision; Straight lines look wavy. Worse or different color perception; Trouble seeing in low light ...

Diagnostic Tests for Age-related Macular Degeneration

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) can be diagnosed through various tests and exams performed by an ophthalmologist or optometrist. Some common

Treatment Options for Wet Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD)

The main treatment for wet AMD is the injection of medications called anti-VEGF agents, which block the production of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). VEGF is a protein that promotes the growth of new blood vessels in the eye, leading to vision loss. By inhibiting VEGF, these medications help slow down or stop the progression of wet AMD.

Medications Used for Wet AMD

Some common anti-VEGF agents used to treat wet AMD include:

• Bevacizumab (Avastin)
• Ranibizumab (Lucentis)
• Aflibercept (Eylea)
• Brolucizumab (Beovu)
• Faricimab-svoa (Vabysmo)

These medications are administered via injection into the eye and can help improve or stabilize vision in people with wet AMD. However, it's essential to note that these treatments do not cure the condition but rather manage its progression.

References

• The main treatment for wet AMD is the injection of medications called anti-VEGF agents [8].
• Some common anti-VEGF agents used to treat wet AMD include Bevacizumab (Avastin), Ranibizumab (Lucentis), Aflibercept (Eylea), Brolucizumab (Beovu), and Faricimab-svoa (Vabysmo) [4].

Differential Diagnoses for Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD)

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) can be challenging to diagnose, and it's essential to consider other conditions that may present with similar symptoms. Here are some differential diagnoses to consider:

• Other genetic macular diseases: Stargardt disease, Best disease, pattern dystrophy, and others [1].
• Angioid streaks: A condition characterized by the appearance of thin, linear breaks in Bruch's membrane [2].
• Central Serous Chorioretinopathy (CSCR): A condition that can cause fluid accumulation under the retina, leading to visual disturbances [3].
• Choroidal Melanoma: A type of cancer that affects the choroid layer of the eye [4].
• Choroidal Neovascularization (CNV): The growth of new blood vessels in the choroid layer, which can lead to vision loss [5].

It's crucial to consider these differential diagnoses when evaluating patients with suspected AMD. A comprehensive medical history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests such as optical coherence tomography (OCT) and fluorescein angiography may be necessary to rule out other conditions.

References: [1] - Context result 1 [2] - Context result 2 [3] - Context result 2 [4] - Context result 3 [5] - Context result 2