hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 10

Based on the provided context, here is a description of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy:

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a disease in which the heart muscle becomes thickened, also called hypertrophied [1]. This condition can cause thickening in other parts of your heart as well [3]. The heart muscle cells enlarge more than normal, leading to a stiff and less efficient heart [7].

The most common genetic cardiovascular disease, HCM is caused by mutations in genes that encode for sarcomere protein genes [5]. It is an autosomal dominant cardiac myocyte disease, meaning if one parent has the condition, each child has a 50% chance of inheriting it [5].

HCM can lead to thickening in only one part of the heart or in multiple areas, and sometimes, it may be referred to as hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) [3]. The disorder is characterized by left ventricular hypertrophy unexplained by secondary causes [9].

Symptoms of HCM include chest pain, shortness of breath, and fainting spells. If you have any concerns about this condition or its symptoms, please consult a medical professional.

References: [1] - Context result 1 [3] - Context result 3 [5] - Context result 5 [7] - Context result 7 [9] - Context result 9

Common Signs and Symptoms of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) can manifest in various ways, and its symptoms may vary from person to person. Here are some common signs and symptoms associated with HCM:

• Chest pain: This is one of the most common symptoms of HCM, often experienced during physical exertion or stress [1].
• Shortness of breath: People with HCM may experience difficulty breathing, especially when engaging in physical activities [2-3].
• Fatigue: Fatigue is another common symptom, which can be a result

Diagnostic Tests for Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) can be diagnosed using various tests, including:

• Echocardiogram: An echocardiogram is often used to diagnose HCM. This test uses sound waves to create images of the beating heart and can show thickening of the heart walls.
• Blood Tests: Blood tests may be done to check for genetic mutations that can cause HCM.
• Genetic Testing: Genetic testing can be done from a blood sample to identify specific gene mutations associated with HCM. This is especially important for individuals with a family history of the condition.

These diagnostic tests are crucial in identifying HCM, which is often inherited and can affect people of any age, but most receive a diagnosis in middle age [1][2]. Early detection and diagnosis are essential for effective management and treatment of the condition [3].

References: [1] Context 10 [2] Context 6 [3] Context 15

Treatment Options for Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM)

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a genetic condition that affects the heart muscle, causing it to become thickened and obstructed. While there are various treatment options available, drug treatment plays a crucial role in managing symptoms and improving quality of life.

Medications Used to Treat HCM

Several medications have been prescribed to treat HCM, including:

• Beta blockers: These medications slow down the heart rate and reduce the force of contraction, which can help alleviate symptoms such as chest pain and shortness of breath. [8]
• Calcium channel blockers: These medications can help relax the blood vessels and improve blood flow to the heart, reducing symptoms such as chest pain and fatigue. [7]
• Antiarrhythmics: These medications are used to regulate abnormal heart rhythms that can occur in people with HCM. [7]
• Anticoagulants: In some cases, anticoagulants may be prescribed to prevent blood clots from forming in the heart or other parts of the body. [4]

New Investigational Medications

Recently, a new investigational medication called mavacamten (Camzyos) has been approved by the FDA to treat adults with symptomatic HCM. Mavacamten works by reducing the strain on the heart and improving heart function. [5][6] It is currently the only disease-specific medication available for treating HCM.

Other Treatment Options

In addition to drug treatment, other options such as septal myectomy (a surgical procedure that removes part of the thickened heart muscle) and alcohol septal ablation (a minimally invasive procedure that uses a special type of alcohol to dissolve part of the thickened heart muscle) may be considered for patients with severe symptoms or those who do not respond to medication. [10]

References

• [4] Commonly prescribed medications for HCM include beta blockers, disopyramide, calcium channel blockers, heart rhythm medications, and anticoagulants.
• [5] Mavacamten, a new investigational cardiac medication, may improve heart function for people with thickened heart muscle leading to obstructed blood flow.
• [6] FDA has approved Camzyos (mavacamten) capsules to treat adults with symptomatic New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III or IV heart failure due to HCM.
• [7] Medications such as beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers and antiarrhythmics are often prescribed to treat the symptoms of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
• [8] Commonly prescribed medications for HCM include beta blockers, disopyramide, calcium channel blockers, heart rhythm medications, and anticoagulants. Beta blockers are often used as a first-line treatment.
• [10] For drug-refractory obstructive HCM, septal myectomy and ASA are presently regarded as standard therapeutic techniques.

Differential Diagnosis of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) can be challenging to diagnose due to its similarities with other