obsolete hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 19

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) - An Overview

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a primary disorder of the cardiac muscle characterized by inappropriate myocardial hypertrophy of a nondilated left ventricle. This condition can lead to various complications, including sudden cardiac death, heart failure, and chest pain.

Symptoms and Risks

Common symptoms of HCM include dyspnea, chest pain, palpitations, and syncope [1]. The risks associated with HCM are significant, with a high risk of sudden cardiac death, especially in young adults [10].

Prevalence and Genetic Factors

HCM is a relatively common genetic heart disease that affects sarcomeric proteins, resulting in myocyte and myocardial hypertrophy. It is often familial, meaning it can be inherited from one's parents [6]. The prevalence of HCM varies depending on the population studied.

Diagnosis and Evaluation

The diagnosis of HCM typically involves a combination of clinical evaluation, electrocardiogram (ECG), echocardiography, and cardiac catheterization. Cardiac catheterization is often used to assess the severity of left ventricular hypertrophy [7].

Complications and Treatment

HCM can lead to various complications, including heart failure, arrhythmias, and sudden cardiac death. The treatment for HCM usually involves medications to manage symptoms, implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) to prevent sudden cardiac death, and in some cases, surgical interventions [3].

References:

[1] Elsouri KN. Common symptoms of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy can include dyspnea, chest pain, palpitations, and syncope with risks including sudden cardiac death, heart failure, and ...

[6] Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a heterogeneous, usually familial, disorder of cardiac muscle that affects sarcomeric proteins, resulting in myocyte and myocardial hypertrophy.

[7] Maron MS. Role of formal cardiac catheterization in the diagnosis and evaluation of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

[10] O'Mahony C. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a leading cause of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in young adults.

I couldn't find any information on "obsolete hypertrophic cardiomyopathy". However, I can provide you with the signs and symptoms of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), which is a condition that affects the heart muscle.

Common symptoms:

• Dyspnea (shortness of breath)
• Chest pain
• Palpitations (irregular heartbeat)
• Syncope (fainting)

These symptoms can occur at any time, but they are often triggered by physical exertion or stress. In some cases, people with HCM may not experience any symptoms at all.

Less common symptoms:

• Fatigue
• Exercise intolerance
• Abnormal ECG readings

It's worth noting that the severity and frequency of these symptoms can vary widely from person to person. Some people with HCM may only experience mild symptoms, while others may have more severe symptoms that require medical attention.

According to [10], hypertrophic cardiomyopathy typically affects the wall between the two bottom chambers of the heart (the septum), which can lead to symptoms such as heart murmurs and shortness of breath. Additionally, [11] states that HCM causes thickening of the heart muscle, particularly in the left ventricle, which can also contribute to symptoms.

It's essential to consult a medical professional for an accurate diagnosis and treatment plan if you or someone you know is experiencing any of these symptoms.

References: [10] - The context result 10 [11] - The context result 11

Diagnostic Tests for Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) can be diagnosed using various tests, including:

• Echocardiogram: This is the most common test used to diagnose HCM. It uses sound waves to create images of the beating heart and can show thickening of the heart walls [5].
• Electrocardiogram (ECG): An ECG can also be used to diagnose HCM, although it may not always show abnormalities [7].
• Exercise test: This test is used to assess how well the heart functions during physical activity [5].
• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): MRI can be used to confirm the diagnosis of HCM and rule out other conditions [8].
• Genetic testing: Genetic testing can be done from a blood sample to identify genetic mutations that cause HCM [6].

Other Diagnostic Tests

In addition to these tests, other diagnostic tests may also be used to diagnose HCM, including:

• Blood tests: Blood tests may be used to check for signs of heart damage or other conditions that may be related to HCM [13].
• Imaging studies: Imaging studies such as computed tomography (CT) scans and positron emission tomography (PET) scans may also be used to diagnose HCM [9].

References

[5] An echocardiogram is the most common test used to diagnose hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, as this test will usually show the thickening of your heart walls. [6] Genetic testing can be done from a blood sample. It is important for two reasons: patients can find out more about their own prognosis, and they learn if family members are also affected. [7] by DL Jacoby · 2013 · Cited by 60 — While a combination of ECG and echocardiography is more readily available and serves as adequate testing for the diagnosis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in ... [8] by BJ Maron · 2022 · Cited by 332 — Echocardiography and CMR are synergistic for diagnosis in probands and family screening, and genetic testing can identify affected individuals ... [9] Diagnosing and treating hypertrophic cardiomyopathy often involves blood tests, imaging, and other tools. Our specialists use the latest technologies, many ... [13] Tests to diagnose cardiomyopathy may include: Blood tests. ... Ommen SR, et al. 2020 AHA/ACC guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Journal of the American College of ...

Treatment Options for Obstructive Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM)

Obstructive HCM is a condition where the thickened heart muscle obstructs blood flow out of the heart. While there are various treatment options available, medication plays a crucial role in managing symptoms and improving quality of life.

• Medications: Commonly prescribed medications for HCM include beta blockers, disopyramide, calcium channel blockers, heart rhythm medications, and anticoagulants [4]. Beta blockers, such as metoprolol, are often the first line of treatment to reduce heart rate and blood pressure [7].
• Mavacamten: A new investigational cardiac medication, mavacamten (Camzyos), has been approved by the FDA to treat adults with symptomatic obstructive HCM [6]. Mavacamten works by reducing the strain on the heart, allowing for improved blood flow and reduced symptoms [1].
• Surgery and Transplantation: In some cases, surgery or heart transplantation may be necessary for individuals with severe symptoms or drug-refractory obstructive HCM [2].

Key Points

• Medications are a crucial part of managing symptoms in obstructive HCM.
• Beta blockers are often the first line of treatment to reduce heart rate and blood pressure.
• Mavacamten is a new medication approved for treating symptomatic obstructive HCM.
• Surgery or heart transplantation may be necessary for severe cases.

References

[1] Feb 23, 2024 — A medicine called mavacamten (Camzyos) that reduces the strain on the heart. It can treat obstructive HCM in adults with symptoms. Your ...

[2] Jul 25, 2022 — Treatment options for HCM and obstructive HCM include medication, surgery and—for some—heart transplantation.

[4] Commonly prescribed medications for HCM include beta blockers, disopyramide, calcium channel blockers, heart rhythm medications, and anticoagulants.

[6] Apr 29, 2022 — FDA has approved Camzyos (mavacamten) capsules to treat adults with symptomatic New York Heart Association (NYHA)

[7] Apr 2, 2022 — Medications such as beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers and antiarrhythmics are often prescribed to treat the symptoms of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

The differential diagnosis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) involves excluding other conditions that may present with similar symptoms and echocardi