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psoriasis 1

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Description

What is Psoriasis?

Psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune condition that causes inflammation in the body, leading to visible signs such as raised plaques and scales on the skin [5][6]. It is characterized by an overactive immune system that causes skin cells to multiply too quickly, resulting in scaly, dry, or itchy patches on the skin [12].

Symptoms of Psoriasis

The symptoms of psoriasis can vary from person to person, but common signs include:

  • Raised plaques of inflamed, red skin
  • White scales that can "flake off"
  • Itching and burning sensations
  • Dry, scaly skin

These symptoms can occur on any part of the body, but are most commonly found on the scalp, elbows, or knees [12].

Types of Psoriasis

There are several types of psoriasis, including:

  • Plaque psoriasis: The most common type, characterized by raised plaques and scales
  • Nail psoriasis: Affecting the nails on the hands or feet
  • Pustular psoriasis: A rare type that causes pus-filled blisters
  • Erythrodermic psoriasis: A severe form that covers the entire body with a peeling rash [2][4]

Who Gets Psoriasis?

Psoriasis affects 2-4% of males and females, and can start at any age, including childhood. The condition tends to persist lifelong, fluctuating in extent and severity [9].

Signs and Symptoms

Common Signs and Symptoms of Psoriasis

Psoriasis is a chronic skin condition that causes inflammation and skin cell buildup, leading to various symptoms. Here are the common signs and symptoms of psoriasis:

  • Red, itchy patches: Thick, red areas of skin covered with silvery-white scales [1][2]
  • Dry, thick, and raised patches: Skin rashes or patches that form on the elbows, knees, scalp, trunk, palms, and soles of feet [3][4]
  • Flaky patches: Psoriasis causes flaky patches of skin, which form silvery-white or grey scales [5]
  • Itching or soreness: Some people experience itching or soreness due to psoriasis [6]

These symptoms can vary in severity and may appear on different parts of the body. In some cases, psoriasis can also cause joint pain, aches, soreness, or discomfort.

References:

[1] May 17, 2024 — Psoriasis is a skin disease that causes a rash with itchy, scaly patches...

[2] Symptoms of Psoriasis · Patches of thick, red skin with silvery-white scales that itch or burn...

[3] Dry, thick, and raised patches on the skin are the most common sign of psoriasis.

[4] Psoriasis typically causes flaky patches of skin, which form silvery-white or grey scales.

[5] Psoriasis is an autoimmune condition that causes inflammation in your skin. Symptoms of psoriasis include thick areas of discolored skin covered with scales.

[6] Some people find their psoriasis causes itching or soreness.

Additional Symptoms

  • Itching or soreness
  • Red, itchy patches
  • Dry, thick, and raised patches
  • Flaky patches

Diagnostic Tests

Diagnostic Tests for Psoriasis

Psoriasis diagnosis involves a combination of physical examination, medical history, and diagnostic tests to confirm the presence of the condition. Here are some common diagnostic tests used to diagnose psoriasis:

  • Physical Exam: A dermatologist will examine your skin, nails, and scalp for signs of psoriasis, such as scaly patches, redness, and thickening of the skin.
  • Skin Biopsy: A small sample of skin tissue is removed from the affected area and examined under a microscope to confirm the presence of psoriatic lesions. [3][5]
  • Blood Tests: Blood tests may be ordered to rule out other conditions that may cause similar symptoms, such as anemia or liver disease. These tests include complete blood cell (CBC) count, blood urea nitrogen (BUN)/creatinine, and liver function tests (LFTs). [6]

These diagnostic tests help dermatologists confirm the diagnosis of psoriasis and rule out other conditions that may cause similar symptoms.

References: [1] Context 3 [2] Context 5 [3] Context 4 [4] Context 6

Treatment

Treatment Options for Psoriasis

Psoriasis, an autoimmune condition that causes skin inflammation and scaling, can be effectively managed with various treatment options. When it comes to drug treatment, several medications are available to help alleviate symptoms.

  • Topical Agents: These are the first line of treatment for mild psoriasis. Topical corticosteroids, salicylic acid, coal tar, vitamin D analogues, retinoids, and calcineurin inhibitors can be applied directly to the skin to reduce inflammation and scaling.
    • Corticosteroids, such as triamcinolone and clobetasol, are effective in reducing plaque formation [8].
    • Vitamin D analogues, like calcipotriene, help slow down skin cell growth and reduce scaling [9].
  • Light Therapy: Exposure to specific wavelengths of light can also be beneficial. Ultraviolet B (UVB) light therapy is often used to treat mild to moderate psoriasis.
    • Light therapy can be administered in a doctor's office or at home with a UVB lamp [3].
  • Oral and Injected Medications: For more severe cases, oral or injected medications may be prescribed. These include:
    • Apremilast (Otezla), which helps reduce inflammation by targeting the immune system [4].
    • Biologics, such as etanercept (Enbrel) and adalimumab (Humira), can also be effective in treating moderate to severe psoriasis [2][5].

Systemic Treatments

In cases where other treatments don't work or you have moderate to severe psoriasis, your doctor might prescribe systemic treatments that slow down your entire immune system. These include immunosuppressants like apremilast and dimethyl fumarate.

  • Immunosuppressants: Apremilast and dimethyl fumarate are taken as daily tablets to reduce inflammation [5][6].

References

[1] Context 2 [2] Context 4 [3] Context 3 [4] Context 4 [5] Context 5 [6] Context 5 [7] Context 11 [8] Context 7 [9] Context 14

Recommended Medications

  • Light Therapy
  • Topical Agents
  • Oral and Injected Medications
  • Systemic Treatments

💊 Drug information is sourced from ChEBI (Chemical Entities of Biological Interest) database. Always consult with a healthcare professional before starting any medication. Click on any medication name for detailed information.

Differential Diagnosis

Differential Diagnosis of Psoriasis

Psoriasis, a chronic inflammatory skin disease, can be challenging to diagnose due to its various clinical manifestations and potential overlap with other dermatological conditions. The differential diagnosis of psoriasis involves considering several conditions that may present similarly to psoriasis.

Common Differential Diagnoses:

  • Pityriasis Rosea: A self-limiting skin condition characterized by an initial "herald patch" followed

Additional Information

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