obsolete lymphoid leukemia

Obsolete Lymphoid Leukemia

Lymphoid leukemia, also known as acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), was previously referred to as obsolete recurrent adult acute lymphocytic leukemia [1]. This term is no longer used in modern medical practice.

Characteristics

The obsolete term for lymphoid leukemia described a type of cancer that affects the bone marrow and is characterized by the production of too many lymphocytes, which are a type of white blood cell [2].

Types

There were several types of lymphoid leukemia, including:

• Relapsed adult acute lymphoid Leukemia: This was an outdated term for recurrent ALL in adults [3].
• Precursor T-lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukemia: This was another obsolete term that referred to a type of cancer affecting precursor T cells [9].

Current Understanding

The current understanding of lymphoid leukemia, also known as acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), is that it is a highly heterogeneous disease comprising many entities for which distinct treatments are required [3]. ALL is a rare malignancy of B or T lymphocytes and is characterized by the clonal expansion of hematopoietic blasts [7].

References

[1] Definition: A recurrent hematologic cancer that is located_in bone marrow and is characterized by the production of too many lymphocytes. [2] by S Faderl · 2010 · Cited by 360 — Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), a clonal expansion of hematopoietic blasts, is a highly heterogeneous disease comprising many entities for which distinct ... [3] Apr 25, 2022 — Lymphoblastic leukemias/lymphomas are neoplasms of precursor T cells and B cells or lymphoblasts. The term lymphoblastic lymphoma (LBL) has ... [7] Feb 28, 2024 — Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), sometimes known as acute lymphocytic leukemia, is a rare malignancy of B or T lymphocytes. [9] obsolete precursor T-lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukemia. Term ID: DOID:5599; Synonyms. Definition: References: Obsolete: true; Secondary ID: Merged into: T-cell ...

Common Symptoms

People with obsolete lymphoid leukemia (CLL) may experience various symptoms, including:

• Enlarged lymph nodes in the neck, armpit, or groin areas [2]
• Fatigue [4], [6], [7]
• Unintentional weight loss [6], [8]
• Fever [1], [6]
• Night sweats [6]
• Shortness of breath [6]

Other Possible Symptoms

In some cases, people with CLL may also experience:

• Bruising or bleeding more easily than usual [6]
• Pale skin [5]
• Feeling tired and breathless [5]
• Repeated infections over a short space of time [5]
• Unusual and frequent bone pain [9]

Complications

If left untreated, CLL can lead to complications such as:

• Low blood cell counts, increasing the risk for anemia, infection, and/or bleeding [10]
• Liver problems
• Fluid retention around the lungs and heart

It's essential to consult a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and treatment plan.

Based on the provided context, it appears that there are several diagnostic tests used to diagnose and monitor lymphoid leukemia, including:

• Rai staging: This is a system used to stage chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) based on blood tests and physical exams. The Rai system divides CLL into 5 stages: Rai stage 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 [2].
• Bone marrow test: A bone marrow biopsy may be performed to remove a sample of bone marrow from the hipbone, which is then sent to a laboratory to look for leukemia cells. This test can help determine the type of leukemia and guide treatment decisions [13].
• Flow cytometry: This is a sensitive technology that uses a laser beam to identify specific types of cells in a blood sample. It can be used to diagnose and monitor lymphoid leukemia, including CLL [14].
• MRD testing: Minimal Residual Disease (MRD) testing aims to detect and quantify residual blasts beyond the sensitivity of cytomorphology. This test is important for monitoring treatment response and guiding further therapy decisions [15].

Additionally, other diagnostic tests that may be used in conjunction with these include:

• Blood chemistry tests: These tests measure the amounts of certain chemicals in the blood, which can help detect liver or kidney problems caused by spreading leukemia cells or the side effects of chemotherapy drugs [10].
• Lymph node biopsy: A lymph node biopsy may be performed if a lymph node has grown very large and the doctor wants to know if the leukemia has changed (transformed) into a more aggressive type of cancer [11].

It's worth noting that some of these tests, such as Rai staging and bone marrow testing, are not always necessary for diagnosis but may be used in certain situations.

Treatment Options for Obsolete Lymphoid Leukemia

Obsolete lymphoid leukemia, also known as chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), is a type of cancer that affects the blood and bone marrow. While there are various treatment options available, it's essential to understand what works best for this condition.

• Chemotherapy: Chemotherapy involves using medications to kill cancer cells. This treatment can be administered through a vein or taken in pill form. However, chemotherapy may not be effective for everyone with CLL, and its use depends on the individual case.
  • [5]
• Targeted Therapy: Targeted therapy uses medications that specifically target cancer cells, reducing harm to healthy cells. This approach has shown promise in treating CLL, particularly when used in combination with other treatments.
  • [3]
• Immunotherapy: Immunotherapy involves using the body's immune system to fight cancer. This treatment can be effective for some people with CLL, especially those who have not responded well to other therapies.
  • [4]

Newer Treatment Options

In recent years, new treatments have been approved for CLL, offering hope for improved outcomes.

• Pirtobrutinib: Pirtobrutinib is a medication specifically designed to target and kill cancer cells in CLL patients. It has shown promising results in clinical trials.
  • [7]
• Idelalisib: Idelalisib is another medication that targets specific proteins involved in the growth of CLL cells. This treatment can be effective for some people with CLL, particularly those who have not responded well to other therapies.
  • [1]

Considerations

When considering treatment options for CLL, it's essential to discuss the following factors with your healthcare provider:

• Cost: The cost of treatments can vary significantly, and insurance coverage may impact the affordability of certain medications.
• Toxicity: Some treatments can have side effects, which should be carefully weighed against their potential benefits.
• Personal preferences: Your individual circumstances, such as age, overall health, and personal values, should also influence your treatment decision.

Consult with a healthcare professional to determine the best course of action for your specific situation.

The differential diagnosis of obsolete lymphoid leukemia involves identifying other conditions that may present similarly to the disease in question.

Entities to be excluded

According to various sources [3, 5, 6], the following entities should be included in the differential diagnosis for obsolete lymphoid leukemia:

• Monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis (MBL)
• Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL)
• Splenic marginal zone lymphoma
• Leukaemic marginal zone lymphoma (MZL)
• Large granular lymphocyte leukemia
• Autoimmune diseases
• Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia
• Congenital neutropenia

Diagnostic Considerations

In addition to these entities, diagnostic considerations for obsolete lymphoid leukemia may also include [7]:

• Prolymphocytic leukemia
• Splenic marginal zone lymphoma
• Hairy cell leukemia
• Marginal-zone lymphoma

Genetic analysis

Furthermore, genetic analysis such as FISH analysis for t(11;14) may be necessary to rule out certain conditions [9].

References

[3] Oct 4, 2024 - The differential diagnosis must exclude the following: Monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis (MBL).

[5] by P Strati · 2018 · Cited by 64 — The main entities that should be included in the differential diagnosis for CLL are mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), splenic marginal zone lymphoma, ...

[6] by B Eichhorst · 2021 · Cited by 971 — Other lymphoma entities to be differentiated from CLL are mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), leukaemic marginal zone lymphoma (MZL) (in particular the ...

[7] May 23, 2024 - Diagnostic Considerations · Large granular lymphocyte leukemia · Autoimmune diseases · Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia · Congenital neutropenia.

[9] ... lymphoma. The other considerations in the differential diagnosis are marginal-zone lymphoma and hairy cell leukemia. Genetic analysis. FISH analysis for t(11 ...