obsolete poliovirus type I nonparalytic poliomyelitis

Non-paralytic Polio: A Rare but Serious Form of Poliovirus Infection

Non-paralytic polio, also known as aseptic meningitis or non- paralytic poliomyelitis, is a rare and serious form of poliovirus infection. This type of polio is caused by the poliovirus, specifically types 1, 2, or 3, but it does not result in paralysis.

Characteristics of Non-paralytic Polio

• Mild symptoms: The symptoms of non-paralytic polio are typically mild and may include:
  • Fever
  • Sore throat
  • Headache
  • Vomiting
  • Fatigue
  • Neck stiffness [3]
• No paralysis: Unlike paralytic polio, non-paralytic polio does not result in muscle weakness or paralysis.
• Rare but serious: Non-paralytic polio is a rare form of poliovirus infection, but it can be serious and potentially life-threatening if left untreated.

Definition and Classification

Non-paralytic polio is also known as acute nonparalytic poliomyelitis due to human poliovirus 1 (disorder) [4]. It is an obsolete term that was previously used to describe this form of polio. The use of certain diagnostic terms, including those referring to severe and mild forms of poliomyelitis, requires some definition at this point [5].

Prevalence and Outcomes

Infection with poliovirus may have one of several outcomes, including inapparent infection (which accounts for 90% to 94% of all infections), abortive or minor illness, non-paralytic polio, and paralytic polio [7]. Non-paralytic polio is a rare outcome, but it can be serious and potentially life-threatening if left untreated.

References

• [1] Nonparalytic poliomyelitis is a disease caused by Human poliovirus 1, 2, or 3.
• [3] The infection has symptom fever, has symptom sore throat, has symptom headache, has symptom vomiting, has symptom fatigue, has symptom neck stiffness, and ...
• [4] Acute nonparalytic poliomyelitis due to human poliovirus 1 (disorder), OF, Obsolete fully specified name.
• [5] The use of certain diagnostic terms, referring to severe and mild forms of poliomyelitis, requires some definition at this point.
• [7] Infection with poliovirus may have one of several outcomes: (1) inapparent infection, which accounts for 90% to 94% of all infections; (2) abortive or minor illness; (3) non-paralytic polio; and (4) paralytic polio.

Nonparalytic Polio Symptoms

Nonparalytic polio, also known as aseptic meningitis or minor illness, is a mild form of poliovirus infection. The symptoms for nonparalytic polio are similar to those of abortive polio and can last from one to 10 days.

• Flu-like symptoms: Fever, headache, sore throat, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and fatigue [1][2]
• Neck pain or stiffness: Aches or stiffness in the arms or legs [3]
• Muscle pain: Muscle pain in the neck, trunk, arms, and legs [4]

These symptoms usually last 2 to 5 days, then go away on their own. Fewer than 1% of people will have weakness or paralysis in their arms and/or legs.

Incubation Period

The poliovirus incubation period for nonparalytic symptoms is 3 to 6 days [11].

Note: Polio type 1, which was the most common cause of paralytic polio, has been eradicated. However, it's essential to be aware of the symptoms and incubation period in case of exposure to other forms of poliovirus.

References: [1] - Context result 2 [2] - Context result 3 [3] - Context result 10 [4] - Context result 13

Diagnostic Tests for Obsolete Poliovirus Type I Nonparalytic Poliomyelitis

Nonparalytic polio, also known as aseptic meningitis or nonparalytic poliomyelitis, is a mild form of polio that does not result in paralysis. However, it can still be caused by the poliovirus, specifically type I. Diagnostic tests are crucial to confirm the presence of this virus.

Confirmatory Laboratory Evidence

According to search results [2], nonparalytic poliovirus infection meets confirmatory laboratory evidence. This means that a positive test result is required to confirm the diagnosis.

Laboratory Testing

Laboratory studies, especially attempted poliovirus isolation, are critical for confirming whether a case of nonparalytic polio is caused by the poliovirus [6]. The following tests can be used:

• Poliovirus Isolation: This involves attempting to isolate the virus from stool or throat swabs. Polioviruses can be identified by serotype in neutralization tests using pools of specific antiserum [5].
• Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR): PCR is a molecular test that can detect the presence of poliovirus DNA.
• Oligonucleotide Mapping (Fingerprinting) or Genomic Sequencing: These tests can be used to further identify and characterize the isolated virus.

Stool Testing

Collecting at least 2 stool specimens 24 hours apart from patients with suspected nonparalytic polio is essential [10]. Stool testing for polio diagnostics should be performed as early in the course of disease as possible, ideally within 14 days after onset.

Throat Swab Testing

A throat swab can also be used to detect the presence of poliovirus. However, it is less reliable than stool testing and should only be considered during the first week of illness [11].

Incubation Period

The incubation period for nonparalytic polio is typically 3-6 days [12]. This means that symptoms may appear within this timeframe after exposure to the virus.

In summary, diagnostic tests for obsolete poliovirus type I nonparalytic poliomyelitis include laboratory testing, such as poliovirus isolation, PCR, oligonucleotide mapping, and genomic sequencing. Stool testing is the most reliable method, followed by throat swab testing. The incubation period for this condition is typically 3-6 days.

References:

[2] Mar 11, 2024 — Nonparalytic Poliovirus Infection: Meets confirmatory laboratory evidence. [5] Poliomyelitis is an epidemic viral disease, which may result in paralysis and respiratory failure. It is caused by one of three poliovirus serotypes. [6] by GS Wallace · 2013 — Laboratory Testing for Polio [10] * All suspected cases of paralytic poliomyelitis are reviewed by a panel of expert consultants at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) before final case classification occurs. Poliovirus infection, nonparalytic Clinical Case Definition Most poliovirus infections are asymptomatic or cause mild febrile disease. [11] * All suspected cases of paralytic poliomyelitis are reviewed by a panel of expert consultants at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) before final case classification occurs. Poliovirus infection, nonparalytic Clinical Case Definition Most poliovirus infections are asymptomatic or cause mild febrile disease. [12] The incubation period for nonparalytic polio is typically 3-6 days. [15] Missouri. CDC can perform serological testing, but requests for such testing must be made through the SPHL before specimens can be submitted to CDC. (If a blood specimen is collected, it should be obtained before any polio immunizations are given.) Isolation of the virus from the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is diagnostic but is rarely accomplished.

There is no specific drug treatment for nonparalytic poliomyelitis caused by the obsolete poliovirus type 1.

According to search results, once infected with polio, there is no specific treatment available [2]. The disease can be prevented by the polio vaccine, but once contracted, treatment focuses on managing symptoms rather than curing the virus.

In cases of nonparalytic poliomyelitis, which is a milder form of the disease, treatment typically involves rest and over-the-counter medications to control fever and muscle aches [11]. However, this information does not specifically address the treatment of obsolete poliovirus type 1 nonparalytic poliomyelitis.

It's worth noting that the World Health Organization (WHO) has declared the eradication of wild poliovirus type 2 in 2015, and efforts are being made to eradicate all remaining polio cases [9]. However, this does not provide information on specific drug treatments for nonparalytic poliomyelitis caused by obsolete poliovirus type 1.

In summary, there is no specific drug treatment available for nonparalytic poliomyelitis caused by the obsolete poliovirus type 1. Treatment focuses on managing symptoms and preventing further transmission through vaccination.

References: [2] - Once infected, there is no specific treatment. [11] - People with minor poliomyelitis are treated with bed rest and over-the-counter medicines to control fever and muscle aches.

Differential Diagnosis of Obsolete Poliovirus Type I Nonparalytic Poliomyelitis

Nonparalytic polio, also known as aseptic meningitis, is a form of poliovirus infection that presents with more pronounced symptoms than abortive polio but still lacks paralysis. When diagnosing obsolete poliovirus type I nonparalytic poliomyelitis, it's essential to consider the following differential diagnoses:

• Guillain-Barré Syndrome: This autoimmune disorder can cause muscle weakness, paralysis, and respiratory failure, similar to polio. However, it is typically preceded by a gastrointestinal or respiratory infection [3].
• Transverse Myelitis: This condition involves inflammation of the spinal cord, leading to symptoms such as numbness, weakness, or paralysis in one or both arms or legs [4].
• Infection with Nonpolio Enteroviruses: These viruses can cause a range of symptoms, including fever, headache, and muscle pain, which can be similar to those experienced during nonparalytic polio [5].
• West Nile Virus: This viral infection can cause symptoms such as fever, headache, and muscle weakness, which can be mistaken for nonparalytic polio [6].

Key Considerations

When differentiating between these conditions, it's essential to consider the following factors:

• Age and Vaccination Status: Polio is more common in children under 5 years old and in areas with low vaccination rates. However, nonparalytic polio can occur at any age [7].
• Symptom Duration and Severity: Nonparalytic polio typically presents with a shorter duration of symptoms (2-3 days) compared to other conditions like Guillain-Barré Syndrome or Transverse Myelitis.
• Neurological Examination: A thorough neurological examination can help identify signs of meningeal irritation, muscle spasm, and flaccid asymmetric paralysis, which are characteristic of nonparalytic polio [8].

References

[1] Context 12 [2] Context 5 [3] Context 4 [4] Context 10 [5] Context 5 [6] Context 14 [7] Context 12 [8] Context 15