obsolete disorder of optic chiasm associated with non-pituitary neoplasm

Based on the search results, it appears that there are various disorders associated with the optic chiasm, but I'll focus on the signs and symptoms of an obsolete disorder related to a non-pituitary neoplasm.

Visual Defects

The most common visual defect associated with non-pituitary neoplasms affecting the optic chiasm is bitemporal hemianopia, which is characterized by loss of vision in the outer half of each eye (temporal fields) [1, 4, 10]. This type of visual field defect can be caused by a variety of tumors, including meningiomas and craniopharyngiomas.

Other Symptoms

In addition to visual defects, other symptoms associated with non-pituitary neoplasms affecting the optic chiasm include:

• Progressive visual loss: This is often the only manifestation of suprasellar meningiomas [12].
• Decreased visual acuity: This can be caused by compression of the optic nerves or chiasm [11].
• Impaired color perception: This can occur due to damage to the optic nerves or chiasm [11].

Neuro-ophthalmic Features

The neuro-ophthalmic features associated with chiasmal compression include:

• Decreased visual acuity
• Visual field defects
• Impaired color perception
• Optic atrophy

These symptoms can be caused by a variety of non-pituitary neoplasms, including meningiomas and craniopharyngiomas.

References: [1] - Context result 4 [2] - Context result 12 [3] - Context result 11 [4] - Context result 10

Based on the search results, it appears that there are various diagnostic tests used to evaluate disorders of the optic chiasm, particularly those associated with non-pituitary neoplasms.

• Visual field perimetry: This test is useful in assessing visual field defects caused by compression of the optic chiasm. According to [result 3], patients whose tumor abuts the optic chiasm should have visual field perimetry, preferably by the Goldmann method.
• Stereoacuity tests and Bagolini striated lens: These tests are helpful in evaluating patients with suspected chiasmal compression. Decreased stereoacuity is common with chiasmal lesions [result 5].
• Optical coherence tomography (OCT) coupled with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI): This imaging technique can be used to evaluate the visual pathway and detect abnormalities associated with non-pituitary neoplasms [result 6].
• Visual field examination: A comprehensive assessment of visual fields is essential in diagnosing disorders of the optic chiasm, particularly those caused by non-pituitary neoplasms [result 7].

It's worth noting that the diagnostic approach to non-functioning pituitary adenomas (NFPAs) should also include an assessment of the integrity of all anterior pituitary hormone systems and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) [results 7 and 8].

Based on the search results, it appears that there are limited options for drug treatment of disorders of the optic chiasm associated with non-pituitary neoplasms.

However, according to search result [10], neuro-ophthalmic features associated with chiasmal compression include decreased visual acuity, visual field defects, impaired color perception, and optic atrophy. These symptoms can be caused by various types of neoplasms, including but not limited to, non-pituitary tumors.

Regarding treatment options, search result [7] mentions that some common treatment options may include medications, surgical procedures, lifestyle changes, and physical therapy. However, it does not specifically mention drug treatment for disorders of the optic chiasm associated with non-pituitary neoplasms.

It's worth noting that search result [8] discusses surgical procedures for Optic Pathway Gliomas (OPG), which is a type of tumor affecting the optic nerve and chiasm. However, this information does not provide specific details on drug treatment options.

Unfortunately, it seems that there are limited or no specific drug treatment options available for disorders of the optic chiasm associated with non-pituitary neoplasms. Treatment approaches may vary depending on the underlying cause and severity of the condition.

References: [10] - The position of the chiasm is directly above the pituitary gland in the majority of people. [7] - Some common treatment options may include medications, surgical procedures, lifestyle changes, and physical therapy. [8] - Surgical procedures for OPG may be required for immediate debulking and clearance of cerebrospinal fluid obstruction in select cases.

Based on the search results, it appears that there are several differential diagnoses to consider for disorders affecting the optic chiasm, especially when they are not associated with pituitary neoplasms.

• Meningiomas: These are common lesions in adults that can compress the optic chiasm and cause visual disturbances (9). Meningiomas are typically benign tumors arising from the meninges, the protective membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord.
• Suprasellar extension of other neoplasms: Other types of neoplasms, such as gliomas or metastatic lesions, can extend into the suprasellar region and compress the optic chiasm (9). These neoplasms may be primary to the brain or originate from another part of the body.
• Demyelinating optic neuritis: This is an inflammatory condition that affects the optic nerve, leading to visual disturbances. It can mimic the symptoms of a chiasmal syndrome and should be considered in the differential diagnosis (15).
• Non-demyelinating inflammatory optic neuropathy: Conditions such as sarcoidosis or other inflammatory diseases can affect the optic nerve and cause visual disturbances, which may be mistaken for a chiasmal syndrome (15).
• Vascular lesions: Lesions such as cavernomas or aneurysms can compress the optic apparatus and cause visual disturbances, which should be considered in the differential diagnosis (15).

It's worth noting that the differential diagnoses listed above are not exhaustive, and other conditions may also need to be considered on a case-by-case basis.

References:

• [9] by S Shuangshoti · 2000 · Cited by 42
• [15] Conclusion: Chiasmal GBM is an extremely rare condition where a biopsy is necessary for accurate diagnosis and optimal treatment.