obsolete disseminated scars of retina

Obsolete Disseminated Scars of Retina

Disseminated scars of the retina, also known as disseminated retinochoroiditis, are a type of scar that affects the retina and choroid layer of the eye. These scars are typically caused by an old infection or injury, but in some cases, the source may be unknown.

Characteristics

• Large and pigmented: Disseminated retinochoroiditis scars are often large and have a pigmented appearance [10].
• Located at the center of the retina: These scars can be found at the center of the retina, which can cause decreased vision [10].
• Diffuse and widespread: The term "disseminated" refers to the diffuse and widespread nature of these scars, which can affect multiple areas of the retina [1].

Causes

While the exact causes of disseminated retinochoroiditis scars are not always known, they are often associated with old infections or injuries. In some cases, these scars may be a result of congenital (fetal) toxoplasmosis [11].

Comparison to Other Scars

It's worth noting that disseminated retinochoroiditis scars can be distinguished from other types of scars, such as those caused by solar retinopathy or congenital toxoplasmosis. For example, solar retinopathy scars are typically small and located in the macula [11].

Detection

Disseminated retinochoroiditis scars can be detected through a dilated eye exam, which allows an eye care provider to see all the way to the back of the eye [12]. In some cases, these scars may be visible on routine eye examination.

References:

[1] Code: 35629000 · Descriptor: Disseminated scar of retina AND choroid (disorder) · Code System: SNOMEDCT · Code System Version: 2024-03 · Term Type: FN · Active: Yes. [10] A chorioretinal scar is an area of pigmentary change or fibrosis that is located on the inside surface of the eye. These may be the result of an old infection or injury, but in some cases it is located away from ... [11] Table 3.1 Typical forms of scars from chorioretinitis; Disseminated, isolated: Disseminated retinochoroiditis, for example secondary to toxoplasmosis: Center of retina, large, pigmented halo: Congenital (fetal) toxoplasmosis: In the macula, small: Solar retinopathy, for example secondary to exposure to intense light: Small, disseminated over ... [12] An eye care provider will be able to see your retina if they do a dilated eye exam. They’ll give you eye drops to make your eyes wider (dilate) so they can see all the way to the back of your eye. Sometimes, providers can see chorioretinal scars, or pieces of tissue or patches of color at the back of your eye.

Warning Signs of Retinal Damage

Retinal damage can be a serious condition that affects millions of people worldwide. It's essential to recognize the warning signs early on to prevent long-term eye damage and vision loss. Here are some critical warning signs of retinal damage:

• Red eyes: Irritation or inflammation in the eyes can cause blood vessels to expand, making the white parts appear pink or red (12).
• Floaters and flashing lights: A sudden onset of floaters and flashing lights in your vision can indicate a retinal tear or detachment (13, 15).
• Decreased vision: Blurred vision, micropsia, metamorphopsia, abnormal color vision, and scotomas are common symptoms in patients with retinal disorders (4, 6).
• Painful eyes: Red, painful eyes accompanied by fever, chills, and other systemic symptoms can indicate a more severe underlying condition (3).

Other Signs of Retinal Damage

In addition to the above warning signs, there are other indicators of retinal damage that you should be aware of:

• Chorioretinal scar: A pigmentary change or fibrosis on the inside surface of the eye can cause decreased vision if located in the central retina (14).
• Retinal detachment: An emergency situation where the retina pulls away from its usual position, causing flashes and floaters in your vision (15).

Important Reminders

It's crucial to seek medical attention immediately if you experience any of these symptoms. Early diagnosis and treatment can significantly improve outcomes and prevent long-term eye damage.

References:

• [10] - Leading cause of retinal damage: macular degeneration
• [11] - Importance of early diagnosis and treatment
• [12] - Red eyes as a warning sign
• [13] - Floaters and flashing lights as symptoms of retinal tear or detachment
• [14] - Chorioretinal scar and its potential impact on vision
• [15] - Retinal detachment as an emergency situation

Based on the provided context, it appears that you are looking for diagnostic tests related to obsolete disseminated scars of the retina.

According to search result [3], diagnostic tests such as Fundus Autofluorescence (FAF) and Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) are often performed to rule out other conditions. FAF is a non-invasive imaging test that can help detect changes in the retinal pigment epithelium, while OCT provides high-resolution images of the retina.

Additionally, search result [8] recommends screening tests such as automated visual field tests, SD-OCT imaging, multifocal ERG (mfERG), and fundus autofluorescence (FAF) to detect various retinal conditions. These tests can help identify changes in the retina that may be related to obsolete disseminated scars.

It's also worth noting that search result [13] highlights the importance of OCT in diagnosing retinal diseases, including those with scar tissue formation. The availability of cross-sectional images provided by OCT can aid in assessing the severity and extent of retinal damage.

In terms of specific diagnostic tests for obsolete disseminated scars, it appears that a combination of FAF, OCT, and other imaging tests may be used to evaluate the condition. However, further research is needed to determine the most effective diagnostic approach.

Here are some key points to consider:

• FAF and OCT can help detect changes in the retina related to obsolete disseminated scars.
• Automated visual field tests, SD-OCT imaging, multifocal ERG (mfERG), and fundus autofluorescence (FAF) may be used as screening tests for various retinal conditions.
• The diagnostic efficacy of retinal diseases has been improved by the development of OCT.

References:

[3] - Diagnostic Procedures and Tests. The diagnosis of CSCR can be made clinically but diagnostic tests such as FA and OCT are often performed to rule out other ... [8] - Recommended screening tests include automated visual field tests, SD-OCT imaging, multifocal ERG (mfERG), and fundus autofluorescence (FAF) [84] to detect ... [13] - The diagnostic efficacy and workflow of retinal diseases has been largely improved by the development of optical coherence tomography (OCT).

Based on the provided context, it appears that there are several treatment options for obsolete disseminated scars of the retina.

• Delivery of artificial tears: This is a recommended treatment for mild to moderate DES (disseminated epithelial scar), in combination with other therapies such as anti-inflammatory drugs [8].
• Topical and systemic antibiotics: In some cases, topical erythromycin or tetracycline ointment and systemic erythromycin may be used to treat the underlying infection causing the scar tissue [9].

It's worth noting that the treatment options for obsolete disseminated scars of the retina depend on the underlying cause and severity of the condition. In some cases, observation and monitoring may be recommended if the scar tissue is not causing significant vision loss or other complications.

References:

• Delivery of artificial tears: [8]
• Topical and systemic antibiotics: [9]

Based on the provided context, it appears that you are looking for the differential diagnosis of obsolete disseminated scars of the retina.

The differential diagnosis for sub-retinal fluid is broad and encompasses all disease entities that can cause macular neurosensory detachment [5]. However, when considering obsolete disseminated scars of the retina, we need to look at conditions that can cause widespread retinal scarring.

One possible condition that comes to mind is Retinitis pigmentosa (RP), which displays a broad range of phenotypic variations, often overlapping with acquired retinal diseases [2]. RP can lead to peripheral retinal necrosis and other forms of retinal scarring.

Another condition that could be considered is Ocular Histoplasmosis Syndrome (OHS), which is characterized by a classic triad of punched-out peripheral choroidal scars, peripapillary pigmented degeneration, and macular CNV or disciform lesions [4]. While OHS typically presents with more localized scarring, it's possible that in some cases, the scarring could become disseminated.

Additionally, Choroideremia (CMVR) is a condition that can cause widespread retinal atrophy and scarring, including granular peripherally located retinitis [8]. However, this condition typically presents with more pronounced retinal atrophy rather than just scars.

Lastly, it's worth noting that the presence of hypertrophic retinal pigment epithelial lesions (similar to congenital hypertrophy of retinal pigment epithelium [CHRPE]) and a typical teardrop appearance could be indicative of Gardner’s syndrome, which may require referral to a gastroenterologist for further evaluation [10].

It's essential to note that these conditions are not exhaustive, and the differential diagnosis for obsolete disseminated scars of the retina can vary depending on individual patient presentations.

References: [2] A Thenappan · 2023 · Cited by 3 [4] Mar 1, 2008 [5] by CW Mi [10]