obsolete conditions involving the integument and temperature regulation of fetus and newborn

Obsolete Conditions Involving Integument and Temperature Regulation

The search results reveal several outdated medical conditions related to the integument (skin) and temperature regulation in fetuses and newborns. These conditions are no longer commonly used or recognized in modern medical practice.

• Hypothermia of Newborn: This condition refers to severe and usually chronic hypothermia associated with a pink flushed appearance, edema, and neurological and biochemical abnormalities [10]. It is classified under ICD-9-CM code P80.0.
• Cold Injury Syndrome: This syndrome is characterized by severe and usually chronic hypothermia associated with a pink flushed appearance, edema, and neurological and biochemical abnormalities [10]. It is classified under ICD-9-CM code 778.2.
• Sclerema Neonatorum: This condition is a rare disorder that affects newborns, causing hardening of the skin and subcutaneous tissue [11].
• Bronze Baby Syndrome: This is a rare condition characterized by a bronze-like discoloration of the skin in newborns [13].

These conditions were previously recognized and classified under ICD-9-CM codes P80-P83 and 778. However, they are no longer commonly used or referenced in modern medical practice.

References:

[10] Conditions involving the integument and temperature regulation of fetus and newborn (P80-P83) [11] Conditions involving the integument and temperature regulation of fetus and newborn; 778.2 Cold injury syndrome of newborn [13] Conditions involving the integument and temperature regulation of fetus and newborn (P80-P83) P83.8 Other specified conditions of integument specific to fetus and newborn Incl.: Bronze baby syndrome

Based on the search results, here are some signs and symptoms of obsolete conditions involving the integument and temperature regulation of fetus and newborn:

• Hypothermia of newborn (P80.0): This condition is associated with severe and usually chronic hypothermia, which can cause a pink flushed appearance, oedema, and neurological and biochemical abnormalities [10].
• Cold injury syndrome: This condition is characterized by severe and usually chronic hypothermia, which can lead to various complications in newborns [10].
• Disturbance of temperature regulation of newborn (P81.9): This condition is an unspecified disturbance of temperature regulation in newborns, which can be a sign of underlying issues [13].

It's worth noting that these conditions are considered obsolete and may not be relevant to modern medical practice.

References:

[10] Conditions involving the integument and temperature regulation of fetus and newborn (P80-P83) [13] R00–R99 - Symptoms, signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings, ... P80-P83 - Conditions involving the integument and temperature regulation of newborn ; ...

The management of conditions related to the integument (skin) and temperature regulation in the fetus and newborn has evolved over time, with various drugs being used to treat these conditions.

Historical Context In the past, certain medications were used to treat conditions such as hypothermia and hyperthermia in newborns. For example, phenobarbitone was used as a first-line treatment for neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) if the maternal drugs used were unknown [14]. However, with advancements in medical knowledge and understanding of these conditions, newer treatments have been developed.

Current Treatment Options Today, the focus is on non-pharmacological comfort measures to regulate temperature and provide comfort to newborns. Skin-to-skin care has been shown to be beneficial in maintaining infant temperature stability [15]. Additionally, antiseizure medications such as levetiracetam are being used in infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) and seizures, although the evidence for their use is still limited [13].

Regulation of Body Temperature The regulation of body temperature in newborns is crucial, especially in the first few hours after birth. Newborns must undergo many adaptations to adjust to extrauterine life, including a rapid increase in body temperature to accommodate an environment colder than that of the prenatal milieu [4]. The temperature of a fetus is 0.9°F (0.5°C) above the maternal temperature, but this difference can be significant for newborns.

Pharmacological Interventions While pharmacological interventions are still used in certain situations, they should be reserved for cases where non-pharmacological measures have failed or are not feasible. The use of medications such as phenobarbitone and antiseizure medications like levetiracetam should be carefully considered and monitored to avoid potential side effects.

References

• [4] Discusses the need for newborns to rapidly increase body temperature after birth.
• [14] Mentions phenobarbitone as a first-line treatment for NAS if maternal drugs used are unknown.
• [13] Highlights the use of levetiracetam in infants with HIE and seizures, despite limited evidence.
• [15] Examines the relation between skin-to-skin care duration and infant temperature change after birth.

Based on the provided context, it appears that there are several conditions related to the integument and temperature regulation of the fetus and newborn that have been considered obsolete or less prevalent in recent years. However, I will attempt to provide a differential diagnosis for these conditions based on the available information.

Hypothermia of Newborn (P80)

• Severe and usually chronic hypothermia associated with a pink flushed appearance, oedema, and neurological and biochemical abnormalities [10]
• Excludes mild hypothermia of newborn (P80.8)

Other Conditions Involving the Integument and Temperature Regulation

• Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a diverse group of inherited disorders in which the skin and mucous membranes are characterized by blistering caused by extremely fragile skin [4]
• Harlequin ichthyosis is an autosomal recessive genetic condition caused by mutations in ABCA12 that causes thick, scaly plaques of skin that cover the infant's body [9]

Differential Diagnosis

Considering the provided context, it seems that hypothermia of newborn (P80) and other conditions involving the integument and temperature regulation are less prevalent or considered obsolete. However, if we were to consider a differential diagnosis for these conditions, it might include:

• Bacterial or viral infections [1]
• High environmental temperature [1]
• Neonatal sepsis [2]
• Fetal growth restriction [3]
• Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) [4]
• Harlequin ichthyosis [9]

Please note that these conditions are not necessarily obsolete, but rather less prevalent or considered under the category of "conditions involving the integument and temperature regulation" in the provided context.

References:

[1] CE Whitehead · 2014 [2] IO Odabasi · 2020 [3] Fetal growth restriction affects 5% to 10% of pregnancies [3] [4] by J Campbell · 2000 [9] Apr 18, 2023