obsolete disorder of magnesium metabolism

Disorders of Magnesium Metabolism

Magnesium metabolism disorders refer to conditions where there is an abnormality in the body's handling of magnesium, a crucial mineral involved in various bodily functions.

• Definition: Disorders of magnesium metabolism involve disturbances in the absorption, excretion, or utilization of magnesium by the body.
• Types:
  • Hypomagnesemia: A condition characterized by low levels of magnesium in the blood (resulting from excessive loss or inadequate intake).
  • Hypermagnesemia: A condition marked by high levels of magnesium in the blood (due to excessive intake or impaired excretion).
  • Other disorders of calcium metabolism: Conditions such as hypocalcemia and hypercalcemia, which can also affect magnesium metabolism.

Causes and Risk Factors

Disorders of magnesium metabolism can arise from various factors, including:

• Genetic predisposition: Some individuals may be born with inherited conditions affecting magnesium handling.
• Medications: Certain medications like amphotericin B, aminoglycosides, and cisplatin can lead to magnesium depletion.
• Gastrointestinal or renal losses: Excessive loss of magnesium through the gut or kidneys can contribute to disorders of magnesium metabolism.

Symptoms and Complications

Disorders of magnesium metabolism can manifest in various ways, including:

• Neuromuscular symptoms: Muscle weakness, fatigue, and tremors.
• Cardiovascular complications: Arrhythmias, cardiac arrest, and other cardiovascular issues.
• Hypokalemia and hypocalcemia: Low levels of potassium and calcium in the blood.

Prevention and Treatment

Maintaining a healthy magnesium balance is crucial to prevent disorders of magnesium metabolism. This can be achieved through:

• Balanced diet: Consuming foods rich in magnesium, such as dark leafy greens, nuts, and seeds.
• Supplementation: Taking magnesium supplements under medical guidance.
• Early detection and treatment: Identifying and addressing underlying conditions that may contribute to disorders of magnesium metabolism.

References

[3] Magnesium metabolism disorder. Synonyms. Magnesium metabolism disorder. Disorders of magnesium metabolism. ID. http://purl.jp/bio/4/id/200906098000783702. [9] Obsolete · ajax_class · Physics ... Magnesium metabolism disorder. Disorders of ... Diseases, pathology, and symptoms[subject]. subClassOf. metabolic disease ... [15] Magnesium Disorders • The normal serum magnesium concentration in adults is 1.7 to 2.4 mg per deciliter (0.7 to 1.0 mmol per liter) and is tightly controlled through intestinal absorption, renal ...

Based on the search results, it appears that there are several disorders related to magnesium metabolism. However, I couldn't find any information on an "obsolete" disorder of magnesium metabolism.

But, if you're looking for signs and symptoms of disorders related to magnesium metabolism, here's what I found:

• Hypomagnesemia: This is a condition where the body has low levels of magnesium. Symptoms include:
  • Weakness [3]
  • Muscle cramps [3]
  • Confusion [3]
  • Irregular heartbeat [3]
  • Seizures [3]
• Magnesium deficiency: This can lead to various symptoms, including:
  • Asthenia (weakness) [1]
  • Myalgias (muscle pain) [1]
  • Anxiety [1]
  • Depression [1]
  • Insomnia [1]

Additionally, magnesium disorders can also be associated with other conditions such as:

• Cardiovascular disease: Magnesium plays a crucial role in heart function, and low levels of magnesium have been linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease [2].
• Osteoporosis: Magnesium is essential for bone health, and low levels of magnesium can contribute to osteoporosis [2].
• Diabetes: Magnesium deficiency has been linked to an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes [2].

It's worth noting that these symptoms and conditions are not necessarily "obsolete" but rather still relevant today. If you could provide more context or clarify what you mean by "obsolete," I'd be happy to try and assist further!

Based on the provided context, it appears that there are several diagnostic tests that were used in the past to assess disorders of magnesium metabolism.

• Magnesium loading test: This test was proposed to identify patients with potential Mg deficiency despite normal serum Mg level. The test involves administering IV or PO magnesium and then measuring its retention (context 1, 3, 5).
• 24-hour urine magnesium excretion: In the presence of hypomagnesemia, a 24-hour urine magnesium excretion higher than 1 mmol/day is suggestive of renal magnesium wasting (context 11).
• Magnesium tolerance test: This test has been used for many years and appears to be an accurate means of assessing magnesium status. The test involves infusing 0.1 mmol magnesium/kg body weight in 50 ml of 5% dextrose and measuring its retention (context 11, 14).

It's worth noting that these tests may not be commonly used today, and more modern diagnostic methods may have replaced them.

References: * [1] Mg loading test or Mg retention test was proposed to identify patients with potential Mg deficiency despite normal serum Mg level. * [3] by M Tinawi · 2020 · Cited by 8 — Mg loading test or Mg retention test was proposed to identify patients with potential Mg deficiency despite normal serum Mg level. * [5] by M Tinawi · 2020 · Cited by 8 — Mg loading test or Mg retention test was proposed to identify patients with potential Mg deficiency despite normal serum Mg level. Mg is given ... * [11] In the presence of hypomagnesemia, a 24-hour urine magnesium excretion higher than 1 mmol/day is suggestive of renal magnesium wasting. * [14] The test was derived from a study of 2 normal individuals who retained 25% and 45% of intravenously administered magnesium following 3 to 4 weeks of a magnesium-restricted diet.

Treatment Options for Magnesium Deficiency

Magnesium deficiency, also known as hypomagnesemia, can be treated with various medications and supplements.

• Intravenous Magnesium Replacement: This is indicated in patients with hemodynamic instability, cardiac arrhythmias; tetany or seizures; or electrolyte abnormalities [2].
• Oral Magnesium Supplements: For mild cases of hypomagnesemia, magnesium tablets taken by mouth are recommended. If the condition is severe, intravenous magnesium replacement may be necessary [5].
• Magnesium Oxide: This agent is used for the treatment of magnesium deficiencies or magnesium depletion from various causes [6].

Medications to Relieve Symptoms

In addition to magnesium supplements, medications may be prescribed to relieve symptoms associated with hypomagnesemia. These include:

• Fluids given through a vein (IV) to replenish electrolytes
• Medicines to alleviate symptoms such as muscle cramps and weakness

Interactions with Other Medications

It's essential to note that magnesium supplements can interact with certain medications, including antibiotics like quinolone and tetracycline antibiotics, which may reduce their absorption [8].

Precautions

When treating hypomagnesemia, it's crucial to consider the potential worsening of hypocalcemia (low calcium levels) due to isolated treatment with intravenous magnesium sulfate. This is because sulfate binds ionized calcium, exacerbating the condition [9].

Causes of Decreased Intestinal Absorption

Decreased intestinal absorption is one of the three primary causes of decreased magnesium levels, leading to disorders of magnesium metabolism. This can occur due to:

• Antacid abuse [13]
• Malabsorption [13]
• Chronic diarrhea [13]
• Vitamin-D deficiency [13]
• Starvation [13]
• Anorexia [13]
• Alcoholism [13]

These conditions can impair the body's ability to absorb magnesium from food, leading to decreased levels and potentially causing disorders of magnesium metabolism.

Other Causes

In addition to decreased intestinal absorption, other causes of disorders of magnesium metabolism include:

• Decreased renal magnesium reabsorption
• Increased urinary excretion of magnesium

It is essential to consider these potential causes when diagnosing disorders of magnesium metabolism. A thorough medical evaluation and laboratory tests can help determine the underlying cause of decreased magnesium levels.

References: [13] - Decreased intestinal absorption: Antacid abuse, malabsorption, chronic diarrhea, vitamin-D deficiency, starvation, anorexia, alcoholism [14] - A patient with magnesium depletion may present with neuromuscular symptoms, hypokalemia, hypocalcemia, or cardiovascular complication.