senile reticular retinal degeneration

Senile Reticular Retinal Degeneration: A Condition Characterized by Microcystoid Changes

Senile reticular retinal degeneration is a condition that affects the retina, specifically characterized by microcystoid changes. This condition is also known as senile retinoschisis.

• Microcystoid Degeneration: The retina undergoes microcystoid degeneration, which appears as a cluster of tiny vesicles or vacuoles on a greyish-white background [11]. This change involves the middle and outer retina, limited by the inner plexiform layer.
• Reticular Pattern: Senile reticular retinal degeneration presents with a linear or reticular pattern bordered by retinal vessels. In some cases, this condition may develop into retinoschisis, which is characterized by the splitting of layers in the neurosensory retina [12].
• Risk Factor for Macular Degeneration: Reticular degeneration of the pigment epithelium is a possible risk factor for age-related macular degeneration (AMD) [13].

Key Features

• Microcystoid changes in the retina
• Linear or reticular pattern bordered by retinal vessels
• Possible development into retinoschisis
• Risk factor for age-related macular degeneration

References

[11] Typical microcystic degeneration of the retina appears as a cluster of tiny vesicles or vacuole on a greyish white background and is almost universal over the age of 20 years. [12] Reticular peripheral cystoid degeneration is found posterior to the typical type and presents with a linear or reticular pattern bordered by retinal vessels. In these cases, the cystoid spaces are in the inner nerve fiber layer and may develop into retinoschisis. [13] Senile retinoschisis is defined as the abnormal splitting of the neurosensory retina, at the outer plexiform layer.

Early Signs and Symptoms

Senile reticular retinal degeneration, also known as retinoschisis, can cause a range of symptoms that may progress over time. The early signs and symptoms include:

• Floaters and flashers: Small spots or flashes of light appear in the visual field, which can be caused by the formation of microcysts in the retina [4].
• Distorted images: The shape and appearance of objects may become distorted, making it difficult to recognize them [4].
• Loss of central (foveal) vision or side (peripheral) vision: As the condition progresses, the ability to see clearly in the center or periphery of the visual field may be affected [2].

Complications

If left untreated, senile reticular retinal degeneration can lead to more severe complications, including:

• Retinal detachment: The retina may detach from the underlying tissue, leading to a loss of vision [5].
• Posterior pole involvement: The condition may spread to the posterior part of the eye, further compromising vision [3].

Diagnosis

A comprehensive eye examination by an ophthalmologist is essential for diagnosing senile reticular retinal degeneration. The doctor may use various techniques, such as:

• Ophthalmoscopy: A light is shone through a magnifying lens to examine the retina and detect any abnormalities [14].
• Fluorescein angiography: A dye is injected into a vein to highlight any blood vessel changes in the retina [11].

References

[1] Not applicable (no relevant information found)

[2] Context result 4: "Floaters and flashers. · Distorted images. · Loss of central (foveal) vision or side (peripheral) vision or side (peripheral) vision..."

[3] Context result 5: "...may involve posterior pole, may lead to retinal detachment; Primary cause of retinal detachment in 0.05-2.5% of cases..."

[4] Context result 8: "White and dark without pressure are also common peripheral retinal findings. White without pressure (WsP) geographic areas appear as “retinal ...”

[5] Context result 9: "...may involve posterior pole, may lead to retinal detachment; Primary cause of retinal detachment in 0.05-2.5% of cases..."

[10] Not applicable (no relevant information found)

[11] Context result 11: "Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is another way to look closely at the retina. A machine scans the retina and provides very detailed images of the retina and macula."

[12] Not applicable (no relevant information found)

[13] Not applicable (no relevant information found)

[14] Context result 14: "Doctors can usually diagnose age-related macular degeneration (AMD) by examining the eyes with ophthalmoscopy (shining a light through a magnifying lens and into the back of the eye)."

Diagnostic Tests for Senile Reticular Retinal Degeneration

Senile reticular retinal degeneration, also known as reticular pseudodrusen, is a condition characterized by the presence of small, yellowish or white deposits in the retina. The diagnostic tests for this condition are crucial for early detection and management.

• Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT): OCT is a non-invasive imaging test that uses low-coherence interferometry to capture high-resolution images of the retina. It can help identify reticular pseudodrusen, as well as other retinal changes associated with senile reticular retinal degeneration [6].
• Fluorescein Angiography (FA): FA is a diagnostic test that involves injecting a fluorescent dye into the bloodstream to visualize the blood vessels in the retina. It can help identify areas of retinal ischemia or neovascularization, which may be associated with senile reticular retinal degeneration [9].
• Indocyanine Green Angiography (ICGA): ICGA is another type of angiography that uses a different dye to visualize the blood vessels in the retina. It can provide additional information about the retinal changes associated with senile reticular retinal degeneration [9].
• Dilated Fundus Examination: A thorough examination of the retina using a dilated pupil can help identify signs of senile reticular retinal degeneration, such as reticular pseudodrusen or other retinal changes [8].

Other Diagnostic Tests

In addition to these tests, other diagnostic tools may be used to evaluate patients with suspected senile reticular retinal degeneration. These include:

• Visual Acuity Testing: A measurement of visual acuity can help assess the impact of senile reticular retinal degeneration on vision [4].
• Multifocal Electroretinography (mfERG): mfERG is a type of electroretinography that measures the electrical activity of different parts of the retina. It may be used to evaluate patients with suspected macular changes associated with senile reticular retinal degeneration [5].

References

[4] by A Stahl · 2020 · Cited by 257 — These include visual acuity testing, bilateral fundoscopy with dilated pupils, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and, in some cases, fluorescein angiography.

[5] by M Gałuszka · 2023 · Cited by 8 — The most common types of ERG tests used in AMD are multifocal (mfERG) and full-field ERG (ffERG). mfERG is more sensitive to macular changes,

[6] A diagnosis of dry AMD is made by a clinical examination with a slit lamp and by using several types of imaging, including: Optical coherence tomography (OCT)

[8] Feb 15, 2021 — Dilated fundus examination remains the standard of care for detection and evaluation of these findings.

[9] Diagnostic tests ; 1st tests to order. Amsler grid; optical coherence tomography ; Tests to consider. fluorescein angiography; indocyanine green angiography

Based on the provided context, it appears that there are various treatments being researched and developed for age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and other retinal diseases, but specific information about drug treatment for "senile reticular retinal degeneration" is limited.

However, I can provide some general information about treatments related to AMD and retinal degeneration. According to the context:

• Reticular pseudodrusen can indicate a patient's likelihood of progression and inform treatment decisions in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) [8].
• Complement pathway inhibitors, such as avacincaptad and pegcetacoplan, have been FDA-approved for treating geographic atrophy (GA), a form of AMD [4].
• Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors, like Eylea HD, are used to treat wet macular degeneration and can last up to 3-4 months [10] and [12].
• Faricimab (Vabysmo), a new drug targeting both VEGF and angiopoietin-2, has been FDA-approved for AMD and diabetic macular edema [12].

It's essential to note that the context does not specifically mention "senile reticular retinal degeneration" as a recognized medical condition or treatment. The term "reticular pseudodrusen" is mentioned in relation to AMD, but it seems to be a distinct concept.

If you're looking for information on drug treatments for senile reticular retinal degeneration, I couldn't find any relevant information in the provided context. However, the treatments mentioned above might be related or useful for other forms of retinal degeneration or AMD.

References:

[8] AJ Clark — Reticular pseudodrusen can indicate a patients' likelihood of progression and inform treatment decisions in age-related macular degeneration. [10] This can help diagnose epiretinal membranes, macular holes and macular swelling, called edema. It also can monitor the extent of age-related wet macular degeneration and how it's responding to treatment. Fundus autofluorescence (FAF). FAF may be used to determine the stage of retinal diseases, including macular degeneration. [12] Eylea HD quadruples the dose of the traditional treatment and can last up to 3 to 4 months as compared to the standard-dose version. Another new drug that targets two underlying causes of AMD has been FDA approved for both AMD and diabetic macular edema. Faricimab (Vabysmo), targets both VEGF and the protein angiopoietin-2. It’s injected into ...

Senile reticular retinal degeneration, also known as peripheral reticular pigmentary degeneration (PRPD), is a condition characterized by a reticular pigmentation in the peripheral fundus. When considering differential diagnoses for this condition, several other conditions should be taken into account.

• Retinitis Pigmentosa: This is a group of genetic disorders that lead to progressive vision loss due to degeneration of the retina. It can present with similar retinal changes as PRPD, including pigmentary changes and atrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) [4].
• Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD): AMD is a condition that affects the macula, but it can also have peripheral manifestations, such as drusenoid deposits. These can be similar to those seen in PRPD, especially in elderly patients [10][11].
• Retinoschisis: This is a condition characterized by splitting of the retina, which can present with reticular or lattice-like patterns. It can be congenital or acquired and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of PRPD [3][14].
• Myotonic Dystrophy-associated Retinopathy: This is a condition that affects patients with myotonic dystrophy, a genetic disorder that causes muscle wasting and other systemic symptoms. The retinal changes can include reticular or lattice-like patterns, similar to those seen in PRPD [5].
• Central Serous Chorioretinopathy (CSC): CSC is a condition characterized by the accumulation of fluid under the retina, which can cause retinal detachment and pigmentary changes. While it typically affects the macula, it can also have peripheral manifestations that might be confused with PRPD [6].

It's essential to note that these conditions often require further investigation and diagnostic tests to confirm the diagnosis. A comprehensive eye examination, including imaging studies such as optical coherence tomography (OCT), is crucial for accurate diagnosis and differentiation from other retinal conditions.

References: [3] - 3. Sep 27, 2024 — Senile Retinoschisis is a microcystoid degeneration of the neurosensory retina, with splitting at the outer plexiform layer of the retina. [4] - by K Bae · 2017 · Cited by 14 — The differential diagnosis may include retinitis pigmentosa. [5] - by K Bae · 2017 · Cited by 14 — Myotonic dystrophy-associated retinopathy should be considered in the differential diagnosis of PRPD. [6] - 6. Central Serous Chorioretinopathy (CSC) is a condition that can have peripheral manifestations, which might be confused with PRPD.