obsolete predominant psychomotor disturbance

Psychomotor Agitation: A Complex Syndrome

Psychomotor agitation, also known as psychomotor disturbance or psychomotor retardation, is a complex syndrome characterized by a group of symptoms that involve a lack of movement and communication. It can be accompanied by agitation, confusion, and emotional distress.

• Definition: Psychomotor agitation is defined as a set of signs and symptoms that stem from mental tension and anxiety, resulting in unintentional and purposeless motions [2].
• Characteristics: The syndrome is characterized by an increase in psychomotor activity, restlessness, and irritability. People with psychomotor agitation may exhibit non-purposeful hyperactivity or motor unrest [8].
• Associated Disorders: Psychomotor agitation is commonly associated with various psychiatric disorders, including major depressive disorder, schizophrenia, and catatonia [7].

Key Features

• Lack of movement (psychomotor retardation)
• Lack of communication
• Agitation
• Confusion
• Emotional distress
• Restlessness
• Irritability

Prevalence

Up to 70% of patients with major depressive disorder present with psychomotor disturbance [12, 14]. However, the understanding of its pathophysiology is limited.

References

[1] Edinoff, A. (2021). Psychomotor agitation: A review of the literature. [2] Mahgoub, Y. (2024). The characteristics of psychomotor agitation. [3] Girardi, P. (n.d.). Psychomotor agitation: A pathological condition. [4] Posner, K. (2019). Catatonia and psychomotor agitation.

Signs and Symptoms of Obsolete Predominant Psychomotor Disturbance

Obsolete predominant psychomotor disturbance, also known as psychomotor agitation or disturbance, is a condition characterized by a set of signs and symptoms that stem from mental tension and anxiety. The following are the key signs and symptoms associated with this condition:

• Unintentional and purposeless motions: People experiencing obsolete predominant psychomotor disturbance may exhibit unintentional and purposeless movements, such as restlessness, fidgeting, or pacing.
• Emotional distress and restlessness: This condition is also marked by emotional distress and restlessness, which can manifest as irritability, anxiety, or agitation.
• Restlessness: Restlessness is a common symptom of obsolete predominant psychomotor disturbance, characterized by an inability to sit still or remain calm.

These signs and symptoms are often associated with other mental health conditions, such as anxiety disorders, depression, and bipolar disorder. It's essential to seek professional help if you or someone you know is experiencing these symptoms.

References:

• [3] - This condition is described as a set of signs and symptoms that stem from mental tension and anxiety; the signs are unintentional and purposeless motions; the symptoms are emotional distress and restlessness.
• [8] - Signs and symptoms include mannerism, odd exaggerated movements or behaviors, stereotypy, repetitive non-goal-directed movements or gestures, agitation, and restlessness.

Based on the provided context, it appears that there are several diagnostic tests used to assess psychomotor disturbances, which were once considered a prominent feature of affective disorders.

• The PANSS-EC (Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale - Expanded) is one of the tests used to determine several levels of behavior and symptoms of psychomotor retardation or agitation [7].
• The CGI-A (Clinical Global Impression - Severity) scale is another tool used to assess the severity of psychomotor disturbances [7].
• The BARS (Behavioral Activation in Routine Settings) test is also used to evaluate psychomotor agitation [7].
• The CORE (Clinical Observation of Response Evaluation) and MARS (Motor Agitation and Retardation Scale) are other measures used to assess psychomotor retardation and agitation, respectively [9].

It's worth noting that while these tests were once considered important for diagnosing affective disorders, their use may have become less prominent in modern diagnostic practices.

References: [7] Feb 10, 2023 — The tests used most often are the PANSS-EC, CGI-A, and the BARS. They are used together to determine several levels of behavior and symptoms of psychomotor retardation or agitation. [9] by SA Shankman · 2020 · Cited by 25 — Raters will use the CORE, the gold standard measure of PmR and PmA, and the Motor Agitation and Retardation Scale (MARS), an inventory that, ...

Based on the provided context, it appears that you are looking for information on the drug treatment of a specific type of psychomotor disturbance.

According to search result [5], psychomotor disturbances were divided into five major body categories including eyes, face, voice, limbs, and trunk. There are a total of 19 items on the scale.

Regarding the treatment of psychomotor retardation, which is a symptom of depression or bipolar disorder, characterized by sluggish or diminished body movements and slowed thought processes (search result [1]), treatment usually involves a combination of medication and therapy (search result [9]).

However, it's worth noting that specific treatments for psychomotor disturbances are not well-defined in most diagnostic systems (search result [10]). Nevertheless, medications such as lithium or valproate are often given to people with bipolar disorder, which can lead to mood swings and agitation (search result [13]).

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) treatment effect on psychomotor retardation is also mentioned in search result [5], but it's not clear if this is a specific treatment for the condition or just an example of a treatment that can affect psychomotor function.

In summary, while there are some general treatments mentioned for psychomotor disturbances and related conditions like depression and bipolar disorder, specific drug treatments for obsolete predominant psychomotor disturbance are not well-defined in the provided context.

Differential Diagnosis of Psychomotor Disturbances

Psychomotor disturbances refer to changes in both thought and physical movements, which can be either increased or decreased activity. In the context of psychiatric patients, differential diagnosis is crucial to identify the underlying cause of these disturbances.

Possible Causes:

• Schizophrenia: Characterized by hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized thinking.
• Catatonia: Marked by prominent psychomotor disturbances, either increased or decreased activity, which occur during most of the depressive episode.
• Major Depressive Disorder (MDD): Diagnosed when an individual has a persistently low or depressed mood, anhedonia or decreased interest in pleasurable activities, feelings of guilt or worthlessness, lack of energy, poor concentration, and psychomotor retardation.

Key Features to Consider:

• Psychomotor Retardation: A slowing down of thought and physical movements, which is ubiquitous during infections.
• Catatonic Features: Characterized by prominent psychomotor disturbances (either increased or decreased activity), which occur during most of the depressive episode.
• Differential Diagnosis: Involves making a distinction between individuals or classes to identify the underlying cause of psychomotor disturbances.

References:

• [1] Sobin and Sackeim (1997) demonstrated the importance of psychomotor symptoms in depression for clinical and research purposes in a systematic review of the literature mainly published in the second half of the 20th century.
• [2] Psychomotor disturbances have been described extensively over many centuries, from ancient Greek to modern times (Jackson, 1986, Parker and Brotchie, 1996).
• [3] The differential is a device that splits the engine torque two ways, allowing each output to spin at a different speed.