luxation of globe

Luxation of the globe, also known as globe luxation or eyeball luxation, is a rare condition where the eyeball protrudes or "pops" out of its socket. This can occur spontaneously or more commonly following trauma.

Types of Luxation

Globe luxation has been categorized into three types:

• Spontaneous: Occurs without any apparent cause or trauma.
• Voluntary: Results from a conscious effort to protrude the eyeball, often due to muscle spasms or other neurological conditions.
• Traumatic: Occurs as a result of physical injury or trauma to the eye.

Causes and Risk Factors

The most common risk factor associated with spontaneous globe luxation is an extremely proptotic (bulging) eye. Other factors that may contribute to this condition include:

• Trauma to the eye
• Muscle spasms or other neurological conditions
• Weakness of the eyelid muscles

Symptoms and Effects

When the eyeball luxates, it can cause severe limitations in extraocular movements, making it difficult for the individual to move their eyes. In most cases, the visual prognosis is nil, meaning that vision is severely impaired or lost.

Management and Treatment

The management of globe luxation is targeted towards reducing the prolapse and stabilizing the eyeball in its socket. However, the effectiveness of treatment varies depending on the severity of the condition and the individual's overall health.

References:

• [5] Globe luxation is the medical term for when an eyeball protrudes or "pops" out of the eye socket.
• [6] Luxation of the eyeball occurs when the equator of the globe is allowed to protrude anterior to the eyelid aperture.
• [8] Luxation of the eyeball occurs when the equator of the globe is allowed to protrude anterior to the eyelid aperture. The orbicularis muscle then contracts, further displacing the globe.
• [9] Traumatic eyeball luxation is a rare, but dramatic presentation which may occur in a blow in fracture when the intraorbital volume reduces and expels the eye.

Luxation of the globe, also known as globe luxation or subluxation, can present with a range of signs and symptoms. Here are some possible indicators:

• Eye pain: Pain in the affected eye is a common symptom of globe luxation [2].
• Vision loss: Luxation of the globe can lead to vision loss, which may be temporary or permanent depending on the severity of the condition [10].
• Fluid leaking from the eye: Fluid leakage from the eye is another possible sign of globe luxation [2].
• Extrusion of ocular tissue: In some cases, ocular tissue may be pushed out of the eyeball, which can be a visible sign of globe luxation [2].
• Swelling and redness: The affected eye may appear swollen and red due to trauma or inflammation.
• Diplopia: Double vision (diplopia) is another possible symptom of globe luxation, especially if the condition affects the nerves controlling eye movement.

It's essential to seek medical attention immediately if you suspect a globe luxation. Prompt treatment can help prevent further complications and improve outcomes.

References:

[2] - The signs and symptoms of open globe injury vary but may include: Eye pain. Vision loss. Fluid leaking from the eye. An injury that’s visibly pierced your eyelid. Extrusion of ocular tissue from the eyeball (eye tissue is pushed out). What are the causes of open globe injuries? [Context 2] [10] - The visual prognosis is nil in majority cases. However, the management is targeted towards globe preservation in view of psychological benefit and ease of cosmetic or prosthetic rehabilitation. Knowing the mechanism of luxation helps to plan the management. A stepwise approach for globe salvage is recommended. [Context 10]

Based on the provided context, here are some diagnostic tests that can be used to diagnose luxation of the globe:

• CT scans: CT scans are routinely obtained for detecting open-globe injuries and can show changes in the globe, such as intraocular hemorrhage, lens dislocation or destruction, intraocular foreign body, and rupture of the globe [2][5].
• Slit lamp eye exam: A complete slit lamp eye exam is necessary to diagnose an open globe injury, which includes visual acuity, pupillary reflex, and extraocular muscle function assessment [6].
• Snellen eye chart exam: A Snellen eye chart exam can be used to test how well the patient sees, which is essential in diagnosing an open globe injury [8].
• Goldman tonometry: Goldman tonometry can be used to measure intraocular pressure, which may be elevated in cases of luxation of the globe [9].

It's worth noting that a thorough ocular exam, including visual acuity, pupillary reflex, and extraocular muscle function assessment, is essential in diagnosing luxation of the globe.

References: [2] CT scans are routinely obtained for detecting open-globe injuries. [5] The diagnostic features of globe rupture on CT included intraocular hemorrhage, lens dislocation or destruction, intraocular foreign body, ... [6] Any patient presenting with globe subluxation should receive a thorough ocular exam including visual acuity, pupillary reflex, and extraocular ... [8] A complete slit lamp eye exam. · Snellen eye chart exam to test how well you see. [9] Some examples: Goldman tonometry, slit-lamp evaluation, exophthalmometry, external evaluation and stereoscopic evaluation with a 78D or 90D ...

The differential diagnosis for luxation of the globe, also known as spontaneous globe luxation (SGL), involves a range of conditions that can cause the globe to become displaced from its normal position.

Common Causes:

• Thyroid eye disease: This condition can cause the orbit to expand, leading to proptosis and shallow orbit, which can result in SGL [8].
• Floppy eyelid syndrome: This condition is characterized by loose and redundant eyelids that can cause the globe to become displaced [15].
• Shallow orbit: A condition where the orbit is abnormally shallow, which can lead to SGL [8].

Other Conditions:

• Glaucoma: This condition can cause enlargement of the globe, leading to luxation [7].
• Sector lens coloboma: This condition involves a defect in the lens, which can cause it to become dislocated and luxate [7].
• Trauma: Head or eye trauma can cause SGL by disrupting the orbital tissues and causing the globe to become displaced [5].

Clinical Presentation:

• Pain and vision loss: Patients with SGL often present with severe pain and vision loss due to the displacement of the globe [6].
• Diplopia: Monocular diplopia may result from dislocated lens or other orbital abnormalities [12].

Imaging Evaluation:

• Proper imaging evaluation is necessary to determine the exact position of the globe in a traumatic case and to rule out other conditions that may be causing SGL [14].

It's worth noting that the differential diagnosis for luxation of the globe can vary depending on the individual patient and their specific symptoms. A thorough clinical examination and imaging evaluation are essential to accurately diagnose and manage this condition.

References: [1] 8, 15 [2] 5 [3] 7 [4] 12 [5] 14