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pancytopenia
ICD-10 Codes
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Description
Pancytopenia Description
Pancytopenia is a condition characterized by an abnormally low amount of all three types of blood cells: red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
- Red Blood Cells: Pancytopenia involves a decrease in the number of red blood cells, which can lead to anemia (a condition where the body does not have enough red blood cells to carry adequate oxygen to its tissues) [1][2].
- White Blood Cells: The condition also affects the white blood cell count, leading to leukopenia (a decrease in the number of white blood cells) [3][4].
- Platelets: Additionally, pancytopenia involves a reduction in platelet count, which can increase the risk of bleeding and bruising [5].
Pancytopenia is often associated with underlying conditions such as bone marrow tumors or aplastic anemia, where the bone marrow fails to produce enough blood cells [6][7]. The condition can be diagnosed through laboratory tests that measure the levels of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets in the peripheral blood.
Key Points:
- Pancytopenia is a condition characterized by low counts of all three types of blood cells.
- It involves decreases in red blood cells (anemia), white blood cells (leukopenia), and platelets (thrombocytopenia).
- The condition can be associated with underlying conditions such as bone marrow tumors or aplastic anemia.
References:
[1] Context 1 [2] Context 6 [3] Context 7 [4] Context 8 [5] Context 9 [6] Context 11 [7] Context 12
Additional Characteristics
- Pancytopenia is a condition characterized by an abnormally low amount of all three types of blood cells: red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
- * White Blood Cells: The condition also affects the white blood cell count, leading to leukopenia (a decrease in the number of white blood cells) [3][4].
- * Platelets: Additionally, pancytopenia involves a reduction in platelet count, which can increase the risk of bleeding and bruising [5].
- * Red Blood Cells: Pancytopenia involves a decrease in the number of red blood cells, which can lead to anemia (a condition where the body does not have enough red blood cells to carry adequate oxygen to its tissues) [1][2].
Signs and Symptoms
Diagnostic Tests
Diagnostic Tests for Pancytopenia
Pancytopenia, a condition characterized by a decrease in all types of blood cells (red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets), can be diagnosed through various diagnostic tests. Here are some of the key tests used to diagnose pancytopenia:
- Complete Blood Count (CBC): A CBC is a type of blood test that measures the levels of each blood cell type. It is often the first test performed to diagnose pancytopenia, as it can show deficient levels of all types of blood cells [1][4].
- Peripheral Blood Smear: A peripheral blood smear is a test where a sample of blood is examined under a microscope to look for abnormalities in the blood cells. It can help identify any changes or abnormalities in the blood cells that may be contributing to pancytopenia [3][6].
- Liver Function Tests: Liver function tests are used to evaluate the health of the liver and its ability to function properly. Pancytopenia can sometimes be related to liver disease, so these tests can help identify any underlying liver issues [2].
- Coagulation Screen: A coagulation screen is a test that evaluates the blood's ability to clot. It can help identify any bleeding disorders or other conditions that may be contributing to pancytopenia [2].
- Haematinics: Haematinics are tests used to evaluate the levels of iron, vitamin B12, and folate in the blood. These nutrients are essential for the production of red blood cells, so deficiencies can contribute to anemia and other forms of pancytopenia [7][8].
- Viral Serology: Viral serology is a test used to detect the presence of viruses that may be contributing to pancytopenia. Certain viral infections can affect the production of blood cells, leading to pancytopenia [2].
These diagnostic tests can help identify the underlying causes of pancytopenia and guide treatment decisions.
References:
[1] S Chew (2024) - Further workup of pancytopenia should include liver function tests, coagulation screen, haematinics, viral serology, haemolysis screen, autoimmune screen, and ...
[2] by N Berliner · Cited by 4 — A thoughtful history and physical examination along with focused laboratory studies are required to establish a diagnosis and select proper ...
[3] Nov 9, 2023 — Pancytopenia Diagnosis · A complete blood count, which tells how many blood cells you have of each type · A peripheral blood smear, which is when ...
[4] Oct 15, 2024 — Pancytopenia is usually diagnosed by looking at a complete blood count (CBC). With pancytopenia, a CBC will show deficient levels of all types ...
[5] Jul 12, 2024 — The diagnosis of pancytopenia is made from the results of an automated complete blood count and examination of the peripheral smear but, as the ...
[6] Feb 21, 2023 — A blood draw to check your vitamin B12 and folate levels may be requested. A liver function test, which is a blood test, may be ordered to check ...
[7] Mar 28, 2012 — A diagnosis of pancytopenia is made from analyzing a complete blood count. Pancytopenia develops gradually and can present clinically as anemia, leucopenia and ...
[8] by R Sharma · Cited by 1 — The diagnostic medical sonography program integrates didactic, laboratory and clinical experiential learning.
Additional Diagnostic Tests
- Complete Blood Count (CBC)
- Liver Function Tests
- Peripheral Blood Smear
- Coagulation Screen
- Haematinics
- Viral Serology
Treatment
Treatment Options for Pancytopenia
Pancytopenia, a condition characterized by a decrease in all three types of blood cells (red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets), can be treated with various medications and therapies. Here are some treatment options:
- Medicines that stimulate the bone marrow: Certain medications can help stimulate the production of blood cells in the bone marrow, thereby increasing the count of red and white blood cells and platelets [1].
- Blood transfusions: Blood transfusions can be used to increase the number of red blood cells, white blood cells, or platelets in the body [3].
- Medicines that suppress the immune system: If the immune system is thought to be contributing to pancytopenia, medications that suppress the immune system may be prescribed [1].
It's essential to note that if someone's treatment involves chemotherapy or drugs that cause pancytopenia, their doctor may recommend changing or discontinuing the treatment [4]. Additionally, certain medications like chemotherapy drugs can suppress bone marrow function, leading to pancytopenia [6].
References:
[1] Context 1 [3] Context 3 [4] Context 4 [6] Context 6
Recommended Medications
- Blood transfusions
- Medicines that stimulate the bone marrow
- Medicines that suppress the immune system
💊 Drug information is sourced from ChEBI (Chemical Entities of Biological Interest) database. Always consult with a healthcare professional before starting any medication. Click on any medication name for detailed information.
Differential Diagnosis
Pancytopenia Differential Diagnosis
Pancytopenia, a condition characterized by a decrease in all three blood cell lines (red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets), requires a comprehensive differential diagnosis to identify the underlying cause. The following conditions are commonly included in the differential diagnosis of pancytopenia:
- Bone marrow disorders: Aplastic anemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, acute leukemia, myelofibrosis, megaloblastic anemia, and paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria.
- Inherited marrow-failure syndromes: Fanconi anemia, Shwachman-Diamond syndrome, and Blackfan-Diamond syndrome.
- Infiltrative diseases: Lymphoma, multiple myeloma, metastatic carcinomas, and other types of cancer that can infiltrate the bone marrow.
- Autoimmune disorders: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis, and other autoimmune conditions that can affect the bone marrow.
- Infections: Viral, bacterial, or fungal infections that can cause pancytopenia.
- Medications: Certain medications, such as chemotherapy agents, immunosuppressants, and antibiotics, can cause pancytopenia as a side effect.
Key Points to Consider
- A complete evaluation is necessary to detect the cause of pancytopenia, including a thorough medical history, physical examination, laboratory tests (e.g., full blood count, bone marrow biopsy), and imaging studies.
- The differential diagnosis of pancytopenia can be extensive and requires a multidisciplinary approach involving hematologists, internists, and other specialists.
References
[1] Multiple conditions can present with pancytopenia; hence, when someone shows up with this condition, it is essential to consider various differentials. [Source: Search result 1] [2] The three conditions most commonly included in the differential diagnosis of aplastic anemia are inherited marrow-failure syndromes, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). [Source: Search result 9]
Note: The references provided are based on the search results within the context.
Additional Differential Diagnoses
- familial chronic myelocytic leukemia-like syndrome
- autosomal dominant dyskeratosis congenita 6
- acute myelomonocytic leukemia
- agranulocytosis
- Medications
- Infections
- Autoimmune disorders
- Bone marrow disorders
- Inherited marrow-failure syndromes
- Infiltrative diseases
Additional Information
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