secondary hyperparathyroidism

Secondary Hyperparathyroidism: A Condition Affecting Calcium Levels

Secondary hyperparathyroidism is a condition where the parathyroid glands release too much parathyroid hormone (PTH) due to an underlying disease or disorder. This excess PTH causes an imbalance in calcium levels in the blood, leading to various symptoms and complications.

Causes of Secondary Hyperparathyroidism

• Kidney problems, such as chronic kidney disease or kidney failure, can lead to secondary hyperparathyroidism [3][5].
• Other conditions that lower blood calcium levels can also cause this condition [4][8].

Symptoms of Secondary Hyperparathyroidism

The symptoms of secondary hyperparathyroidism include: * Weak or broken bones (osteoporosis) [1] * Bone and joint pain * Kidney stones * Urinating more often than usual

Complications of Secondary Hyperparathyroidism

If left untreated, secondary hyperparathyroidism can lead to: * Chronic low calcium levels in the blood * Weakened bones and joints * Delayed tooth development [6] * Swollen joints and bowed limbs

Diagnosis and Tests

To diagnose secondary hyperparathyroidism, doctors may perform tests to check for: * Low levels of vitamin D * Normal or low levels of calcium in the blood * High levels of phosphate in the blood [7]

Definition and Treatment

Secondary hyperparathyroidism is a condition where the parathyroid glands release too much PTH due to an underlying disease. The treatment for this condition depends on the underlying cause and may involve managing kidney problems, correcting calcium imbalances, or addressing other related conditions.

References: [1] - Weak or broken bones (osteoporosis) [2] - Secondary hyperparathyroidism is a condition in which a disease outside of the parathyroid glands causes all of the parathyroid glands to become enlarged [3] - Secondary hyperparathyroidism is when your parathyroid glands release too much PTH due to kidney problems, causing weak bones and calcium buildup in your body. [4] - Secondary hyperparathyroidism is the result of another condition that lowers the blood calcium, which then affects the gland's function. This causes your ... [5] - Secondary hyperparathyroidism is a condition in which too much parathyroid hormone (PTH) is produced. PTH is a chemical messenger, produced by the ... [6] - Definition: · Weakness · Poor growth · Bowed limbs · Swollen joints · Bone pain and fractures · Delayed tooth development. [7] - Diagnosis and Tests​​ Secondary hyperparathyroidism causes low levels of vitamin D, normal or low levels of calcium and high levels of phosphate in your blood. ... [8] - Secondary hyperparathyroidism is the release of increased amounts of parathyroid hormone (hyperparathyroidism), which is an appropriate response to low calcium ... [9] - Apr 4, 2024 — Secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) is elevation of parathyroid hormone (PTH) secondary to hypocalcemia. PTH maintains calcium homeostasis ... [10] - This condition causes chronic low calcium levels in your blood and your parathyroid glands have to work extra hard to try to raise your blood calcium level.

Common Signs and Symptoms of Secondary Hyperparathyroidism

Secondary hyperparathyroidism is a condition where the parathyroid glands become overactive due to another underlying disease or disorder, such as kidney failure or vitamin D deficiency. The symptoms of this condition can vary depending on the underlying cause, but here are some common signs and symptoms:

• Muscle weakness and aching: People with secondary hyperparathyroidism caused by vitamin D deficiency may experience muscle weakness and aching [4].
• Bone pain and deformity: In severe cases, people with vitamin D deficiency can develop osteomalacia (soft bones), which can cause fractures and bone deformity [4].
• Fluid overload and edema: Secondary hyperparathyroidism caused by kidney failure can lead to fluid buildup in the body, causing swelling in the feet, ankles, and hands [5].
• Fatigue, polyuria, and polydipsia: People with secondary hyperparathyroidism may experience fatigue, excessive urination (polyuria), and excessive thirst (polydipsia) [15].
• Constipation, abdominal pain, vomiting, confusion, depression, bone pain, and renal stones: These symptoms can occur in people with secondary hyperparathyroidism, especially if the underlying condition is severe or left untreated [5, 15].

It's essential to note that these symptoms can also be indicative of other conditions, so a proper diagnosis by a healthcare professional is necessary to confirm the presence of secondary hyperparathyroidism.

References:

[4] Context result 4 [5] Context result 5 [15] Context result 15

Diagnostic Tests for Secondary Hyperparathyroidism

Secondary hyperparathyroidism can be diagnosed through various tests that measure the levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcium, and other related factors in the blood. Here are some of the diagnostic tests used to diagnose secondary hyperparathyroidism:

• Blood tests: Blood tests are very effective in determining the type of hyperparathyroidism. Your doctor may order tests that measure calcium, parathyroid hormone, and vitamin D levels [3].
• Serum calcium test: This test measures the level of calcium in the blood. Low serum calcium levels can indicate secondary hyperparathyroidism [2].
• Parathyroid hormone (PTH) test: Elevated PTH levels are a hallmark of secondary hyperparathyroidism [10][11].
• Vitamin D and phosphorus tests: These tests measure the levels of vitamin D and phosphorus in the blood, which can help diagnose secondary hyperparathyroidism [4].
• Bone mineral density test: This test measures the density of bones, which can be affected by secondary hyperparathyroidism [1].

Additional Tests

In addition to these basic tests, your doctor may also order other tests to confirm the diagnosis and rule out other conditions. These may include:

• Radiography: Radiographs (X-rays) may show changes in bone density or other abnormalities that can indicate secondary hyperparathyroidism [8].
• Calcium and phosphorus levels in urine: This test measures the levels of calcium and phosphorus in the urine, which can help diagnose secondary hyperparathyroidism [15].

References

[1] Bone mineral density test [2] Serum calcium test [3] Blood tests [4] Vitamin D and phosphorus tests [8] Radiography [10] Parathyroid hormone (PTH) test [11] Elevated PTH levels [15] Calcium and phosphorus levels in urine

Differential Diagnosis of Secondary Hyperparathyroidism

Secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) is a condition where the parathyroid glands become overactive due to an underlying disease or disorder. The differential diagnosis of SHPT involves identifying the potential causes of this condition.

Common Causes of SHPT:

• Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): CKD can lead to secondary hyperparathyroidism by causing a decrease in calcium levels and an increase in phosphate levels, which stimulates the parathyroid glands to produce more parathyroid hormone (PTH) [5].
• Vitamin D Deficiency: Vitamin D plays a crucial role in maintaining normal calcium levels. A deficiency in vitamin D can lead to secondary hyperparathyroidism by causing an increase in PTH production [6].
• Malabsorption Syndromes: Certain conditions, such as celiac disease or Crohn's disease, can lead to malabsorption of nutrients, including calcium and vitamin D, which can contribute to the development of SHPT [4].

Other Potential Causes:

• Chronic Inadequate Sunlight Exposure: Prolonged exposure to inadequate sunlight can lead to a deficiency in vitamin D, which can contribute to the development of SHPT [4].
• Medications: Certain medications, such as lithium or thiazide diuretics, can cause an increase in calcium levels and stimulate the parathyroid glands to produce more PTH, leading to secondary hyperparathyroidism [3].

References:

[1] Context 5 [2] Context 11 [3] Context 15 [4] Context 4 [5] Context 5 [6] Context 6