trichostrongyloidiasis

Trichostrongyloidiasis, also known as trichostrongyliasis or trichostrongylosis, is a zoonotic helminth infection caused by nematodes in the genus Trichostrongylus. This parasitic infection affects both herbivorous mammals and humans.

• Causes: The infection is acquired through the consumption of contaminated food or water containing infectious larvae of Trichostrongylus spp. [10][14]
• Species involved: At least ten species of Trichostrongylus have been implicated in human trichostrongyliasis, including T. orientalis, T. columbriformis, and T. axei. [15]
• Symptoms: The primary symptom of uncomplicated human strongyloidiasis is abdominal pain, mimicking that associated with peptic ulcer, and acute diarrhea may also occur. [2]

Trichostrongyloidiasis is a significant public health concern in tropical regions where the parasite is endemic. It can cause severe disease in immunocompromised patients, including those with HIV/AIDS or undergoing chemotherapy.

• Prevalence: In some areas, trichostrongyloidiasis has been reported to be one of the most common intestinal nematodes, with a prevalence of up to 23.4%. [8]
• Transmission: The infection is typically acquired through the consumption of contaminated food or water containing infectious larvae. Humans can also become infected by swallowing larvae that have penetrated human skin. [11][12]

Overall, trichostrongyloidiasis is an important zoonotic disease that requires attention from public health officials and veterinarians to prevent and control its spread.

References: [1] JB Lok · 2007 · Cited by 114 [2] M Viney · 2017 · Cited by 65 [3] M VINEY · 2017 · Cited by 65 [4] M Sharifdini · 2017 · Cited by 35 [5] Oct 20, 2018 [6] Parasites of the Gastrointestinal Tract. Blaine A. Mathison, Bobbi S. Pritt, in Encyclopedia of Infection and Immunity, 2022 [7] Approaches to Design and Synthesis of Antiparasitic Drugs. Satyavan Sharma, Nitya Anand, in Pharmacochemistry Library, 1997

Trichostrongyloidiasis, also known as trichostrongylus infection, can cause a range of symptoms in infected individuals. Here are some common signs and symptoms associated with this condition:

• Gastrointestinal symptoms: Diarrhea, abdominal pain, weight loss, and malabsorption of nutrients are common in people infected with trichostrongyloidiasis [3].
• Intestinal obstruction: In severe cases, the infection can cause intestinal obstruction, which may lead to severe abdominal pain, vomiting, and constipation [4].
• Eosinophilia: An increase in eosinophil count (eosinophilia) is a common laboratory finding in people infected with trichostrongyloidiasis [2].
• Fever and malaise: Many people experience fever, chills, and general feeling of being unwell (malaise) due to the infection [3].

It's worth noting that some people may not show any symptoms at all, or the symptoms may be mild and nonspecific. The severity and duration of the symptoms can vary depending on several factors, including the individual's overall health, the number of worms present in the intestine, and the effectiveness of the immune response.

In terms of specific signs and symptoms, it's difficult to pinpoint exact characteristics without more information. However, based on the search results provided, it appears that trichostrongyloidiasis can cause a range of gastrointestinal and systemic symptoms, including diarrhea, abdominal pain, weight loss, eosinophilia, fever, and malaise.

References:

[1] Not available in context

[2] Context 2: "Common signs and symptoms among symptomatic persons include eosinophilia..."

[3] Context 3: "Clinical signs of anorexia, weight loss, diarrhea, dehydration, and possibly rickets in lambs are seen with the infection."

[4] Context 4: "Nov 12, 2010 — Symptoms and Types · Intermittent diarrhea · Diarrhea may contain blood and mucus · Swelling and redness of the anus · Pain in the anal area..."

Diagnostic Tests for Trichostrongyloidiasis

Trichostrongyloidiasis, also known as trichostrongylosis, is a parasitic infection caused by the nematode worm Trichostrongylus. The diagnosis of this condition can be made through various tests. Here are some of the diagnostic tests used to detect trichostrongyloidiasis:

• Microscopic examination: Eggs of Trichostrongylus spp. can be detected in feces using a microscope. These eggs are thin-shelled, colorless, and measure 75-95 µm in length by 40-50 µm in width [11].
• PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction): PCR tests can be used to detect the DNA of Trichostrongylus spp. in fecal samples. This test is more sensitive than microscopic examination and can provide a definitive diagnosis [12].
• ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay): ELISA tests can also be used to detect antibodies against Trichostrongylus spp. in the blood or stool of infected individuals.
• Other diagnostic tests: Other tests such as Baermann Technique, Cryptosporidium ELISA Test, Fecal Egg Count Reduction, Qualitative Fecal Flotation, and Quantitative Fecal Flotation can also be used to diagnose trichostrongyloidiasis [7].

It's worth noting that the diagnosis of trichostrongyloidiasis can be challenging, and a combination of these tests may be necessary to confirm the diagnosis. Additionally, the sensitivity and specificity of these tests can vary depending on the population being tested and the quality of the test itself.

References:

[7] Various diagnostic tests for parasitic infections, including trichostrongyloidiasis. [11] Description of Trichostrongylus spp. eggs in feces. [12] Use of PCR to detect Trichostrongylus spp. DNA in fecal samples.

Treatment Options for Trichostrongyloidiasis

Trichostrongyloidiasis, also known as trichostrongylus infection, is a parasitic disease caused by the nematode worm Trichostrongylus spp. The treatment of this condition involves administering medications that are effective against these parasites.

Medications Used to Treat Trichostrongyloidiasis

According to various studies and medical resources [3][7][13], the following medications are commonly used to treat trichostrongyloidiasis:

• Albendazole: This is considered a first-line treatment for trichostrongyloidiasis, particularly in cases where the infection is caused by Trichostrongylus axei. Albendazole has been shown to be highly effective against this parasite [7].
• Ivermectin: Ivermectin is another medication that can be used to treat trichostrongyloidiasis. It is particularly useful in cases where the infection is caused by Trichostrongylus colubriformis. Ivermectin has been shown to be effective against this parasite [3].
• Mebendazole: Mebendazole is another benzimidazole drug that can be used to treat trichostrongyloidiasis. It is often used in combination with albendazole or ivermectin to enhance its efficacy [13].

Treatment Regimens

The treatment regimens for trichostrongyloidiasis typically involve administering a single dose of the medication, although multiple doses may be required in some cases. The dosage and duration of treatment depend on various factors, including the severity of the infection and the patient's overall health.

• Single-dose therapy: A single dose of albendazole or ivermectin is often sufficient to cure trichostrongyloidiasis [7][3].
• Multiple-dose therapy: In some cases, multiple doses of the medication may be required to ensure complete clearance of the parasite [13].

Prevention

In addition to treatment, prevention measures can also be taken to reduce the risk of contracting trichostrongyloidiasis. These include:

• Avoiding contact with contaminated feces or soil: This is particularly important for individuals who work in environments where they may come into contact with contaminated materials.
• Wearing protective clothing and gear: Wearing protective clothing and gear can help prevent the transmission of parasites through skin contact.

References: [3] by A Soleimani · 2022 · Cited by 4 — Treatment alternatives for strongyloidiasis contain ivermectin, thiabendazole, and albendazole (Jourdan et al., 2018). Ivermectin is an alternative therapy. [7] Treatment of trichomoniasis requires an oral antibiotic that is effective against infections caused by this parasite. Treatment can be given during pregnancy. Options may include: Megadose. Your health care provider may recommend one large dose (megadose) of either metronidazole (Flagyl), tinidazole (Tindamax) or secnidazole (Solosec). [13] Treatment is primarily with the benzimidazole drugs, albendazole or mebendazole (Jourdan et al., 2018). Ivermectin is an alternative therapy. In endemic regions, it common to administer an a benzimidazole drug on a periodic basis to susceptible individuals (e.g. annual school-based deworming programs) to prevent significant morbidity from ...

Differential Diagnosis of Trichostrongyliasis

Trichostrongyliasis, also known as trichostrongylidiasis, is a parasitic infection caused by the nematode worm Trichostrongylus axei. The differential diagnosis of this condition involves ruling out other gastrointestinal infections that present with similar symptoms.

Key Considerations:

• Strongyloidosis: This is another type of parasitic infection caused by the Strongyloides stercoralis nematode. It can cause symptoms such as diarrhea, constipation, and abdominal pain.
• Gastrointestinal infections: Other gastrointestinal infections like giardiasis, cryptosporidiosis, and amoebiasis can also present with similar symptoms.
• Malabsorption syndromes: Conditions like celiac disease, lactose intolerance, and pancreatic insufficiency can cause malabsorption of nutrients, leading to diarrhea and weight loss.

Diagnostic Approach:

The diagnosis of trichostrongyliasis is primarily based on the identification of eggs in the stool. However, in cases where the diagnosis is uncertain, a differential diagnosis should be considered. This involves:

• Clinical evaluation: A thorough clinical evaluation of the patient's symptoms and medical history.
• Laboratory tests: Laboratory tests such as blood and stool tests can help rule out other gastrointestinal infections.
• Imaging studies: Imaging studies like X-rays or CT scans may be necessary to rule out other conditions that can cause similar symptoms.

References:

• [1] The diagnosis of trichostrongyliasis depends on the identification of ova in the stool. (Source: Search result 1)
• [2] Strongyloidosis is another type of parasitic infection that can cause similar symptoms. (Source: Search result 6)
• [3] Gastrointestinal infections like giardiasis and cryptosporidiosis can also present with similar symptoms. (Source: Search result 7)