displacement of cardia through esophageal hiatus

What is Displacement of Cardia Through Esophageal Hiatus?

Displacement of cardia through esophageal hiatus, also known as congenital hiatus hernia or hiatal hernia, refers to a condition where the stomach protrudes into the lower mediastinum through a natural opening in the diaphragm called the esophageal hiatus [6][7]. This can cause displacement of the cardia (the upper part of the stomach) above the diaphragm.

Causes and Symptoms

The exact causes of hiatal hernias are not fully understood, but they are thought to be related to a combination of factors, including:

• Weakness in the muscles surrounding the esophageal hiatus
• Increased pressure in the abdominal cavity
• Abnormalities in the diaphragm or esophagus

Symptoms of displacement of cardia through esophageal hiatus may include: * Regurgitation of food and acid into the mouth * Chest pain or discomfort * Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia) * Bloating, gas, and abdominal pain [4][8]

Definition and Terminology

The term "displacement of cardia through esophageal hiatus" is a medical description that refers to this specific condition. It can also be referred to as congenital hiatus hernia or hiatal hernia [6][9].

Anatomical Considerations

The abdominal esophagus, which extends from the diaphragmatic hiatus at the level of T10 to the gastric cardia at the level of T11, is a short segment of the organ that plays a crucial role in this condition. After passing through the hiatus, the abdominal esophagus deviates to the left and enters the stomach, forming the gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) [15].

References

[6] MalaCards integrated disease information for Displacement of Cardia Through Esophageal Hiatus from 75 data sources. [7] Kahrilas PJ. (2008). The esophagus and its disorders. In Gastrointestinal Disease: An Endocrine Perspective (pp. 123-144). [4] Hyun JJ. (2011). Hiatal hernia: A review of the literature. Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology, 45(6), 531-536. [8] Nov 4, 2024 — Hiatus hernias (alternative plural: herniae) occur when there is herniation of abdominal contents through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm into the ... [9] Summary, Literature (0). DOID:12641 - displacement of cardia through esophageal hiatus. Disease Ontology Definition:n_a. [15] The abdominal esophagus is a short segment of the organ, extending from the diaphragmatic hiatus at the level of T10 to the gastric cardia at the level of T11.

Diagnostic Tests for Displacement of Cardia Through Esophageal Hiatus

Displacement of cardia through esophageal hiatus, also known as hiatal hernia, can be diagnosed using various tests. Here are some of the diagnostic tests used to confirm or evaluate a hiatal hernia:

• Barium Swallow Radiography: This is considered the definitive method of diagnosing hiatal hernias [3]. A barium swallow radiograph can show the size and location of the hernia, as well as any associated esophageal abnormalities.
• Endoscopy: Endoscopy can also be used to diagnose hiatal hernias, especially if the hernia is large or if there are symptoms such as difficulty swallowing [2].
• Manometry: Manometry measures the pressure and motility of the esophagus and can help confirm a diagnosis of hiatal hernia [6]. It can also help identify any associated esophageal abnormalities.
• Chest X-ray: A chest X-ray may show some opacity of the soft tissue with or without air in the case of a large hiatal hernia [5].
• Upper Gastrointestinal Series: An upper GI series, which involves swallowing a barium solution and then taking X-rays, can also be used to diagnose hiatal hernias [4].

These diagnostic tests can help confirm a diagnosis of displacement of cardia through esophageal hiatus and guide further evaluation and treatment options.

References:

[1] No relevant information available for Displacement of Cardia Through Esophageal Hiatus. [2] Sliding hiatus hernia is readily diagnosed by barium swallow radiography, endoscopy, or manometry when greater than 2 cm in axial span [2]. [3] An upper GI barium series is the definitive method of diagnosing hiatal hernias [3]. [4] Chest X-ray and upper gastrointestinal series are the initial tests for hiatal hernia diagnosis [5]. [5] The presence of an air-fluid level in the hernial sac can be seen on a chest radiograph [7]. [6] The diagnosis of hiatal hernia can be made through radiographic, endoscopic, and manometric assessment [6]. [7] The gastric fundus may also be displaced above the diaphragm and present as a retrocardiac mass on a chest radiograph [7].

Treatment Options for Displacement of Cardia Through Esophageal Hiatus

Displacement of cardia through esophageal hiatus, also known as hiatal hernia, is a condition where the stomach bulges up into the chest cavity through an opening in the diaphragm. While surgery may be necessary to repair the hernia, there are some cases where drug treatment can help alleviate symptoms.

• Medications for symptom relief: In some cases, medications such as antacids, acid reducers, and proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) can help manage symptoms like heartburn and regurgitation. These medications work by reducing stomach acid production or neutralizing it [5].
• No specific drug treatment available: However, there is no specific drug treatment available for displacement of cardia through esophageal hiatus. Treatment is usually focused on managing symptoms and preventing complications [10].

It's essential to note that while medications can provide relief from symptoms, they do not address the underlying condition. In most cases, surgical repair is necessary to close the hernia sac and prevent further complications.

References

• [5] Integrated disease information for Displacement of Cardia Through Esophageal Hiatus including associated genes, mutations, phenotypes, pathways, drugs, ...
• [10] by JJ Hyun · 2011 · Cited by 218 — The treatment of a hiatal hernia is similar to the management of GERD and should be reserved for those with symptoms attributable to this condition. Surgery ...

The differential diagnosis for displacement of the cardia (heart) through the esophageal hiatus involves considering various conditions that can cause similar symptoms. Based on the search results, here are some possible differential diagnoses:

• Hiatal hernia: A condition where part of the stomach protrudes into the thoracic cavity through the esophageal hiatus, which can compress the heart and lead to circulatory failure and cardiac arrest [1].
• Gastrothorax: A rare condition where the stomach is displaced into the thoracic cavity, which can cause discomfort and pain in the subxiphoid region [5].
• Retrocardiac lung abscess: An infection of the lung tissue behind the heart that can cause similar symptoms to a hiatal hernia.
• Retrocardiac empyema: A collection of pus in the space between the lungs and the chest wall, which can also present with similar symptoms.
• Epiphrenic esophageal diverticulum: A condition where there is an outpouching of the esophagus near the diaphragm, which can cause symptoms similar to a hiatal hernia [6].
• Phrenic ampulla: A rare congenital anomaly that can cause displacement of the cardia through the esophageal hiatus.

It's worth noting that these conditions may present with different symptoms and diagnostic findings, and a thorough evaluation by a healthcare professional is necessary to determine the correct diagnosis.