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abnormal retinal correspondence

ICD-10 Codes

Related ICD-10:

Description

Abnormal Retinal Correspondence (ARC): A Condition Where the Brain Adapts to Eye Misalignment

Abnormal retinal correspondence, also known as anomalous retinal correspondence, is a condition where the brain adapts to eye misalignment by assigning a new point of correspondence between the two eyes. This adaptation occurs when there is a strabismus (eye turn) and the fovea of one eye does not look directly at an object.

  • Visual Adaptation: The brain adjusts to the disparity in visual input from each eye, allowing it to fuse the images and maintain single vision.
  • Retinal Point of Correspondence: In ARC, the brain assigns a new point of correspondence between the two

Additional Characteristics

  • Abnormal retinal correspondence
  • anomalous retinal correspondence
  • strabismus (eye turn)
  • fovea
  • single vision

Signs and Symptoms

Common Signs and Symptoms of Abnormal Retinal Correspondence (ARC)

Abnormal retinal correspondence (ARC) can manifest in various ways, making it essential to recognize the signs and symptoms for early intervention.

  • Eye Turn: A noticeable deviation or turn of the eye towards the nose or away from the nose is a common sign of ARC [1][3][5][6].
  • Absence of Diplopia: Unlike normal binocular vision, individuals with ARC may not experience double vision (diplopia) when looking at objects [1][2][4][7].
  • Avoidance of Eye Contact: People with ARC might avoid eye contact or have difficulty maintaining eye contact due to discomfort or visual difficulties [3][5][8].
  • Avoidance of Visually Demanding Tasks: Individuals with ARC may tend to avoid tasks that require intense visual focus, such as reading or watching TV [1][4][6][9].

Additional Signs and Symptoms

Some individuals with ARC might experience:

  • Better than expected performance on visual tasks due to the brain's attempt to compensate for the abnormal retinal correspondence [2][7].
  • Other visual symptoms, such as blurred vision, eye strain, or headaches, although these are not exclusive to ARC.

It is essential to consult an eye care professional for a comprehensive evaluation and diagnosis if you suspect ARC. Early detection and treatment can help alleviate symptoms and prevent potential complications.

References:

[1] Signs and Symptoms of ARC · Eye turn · Absence of diplopia (seeing two images of the same thing) · Avoidance of eye contact · Avoidance of visually demanding tasks ... [2] SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS: The signs and symptoms associated with anomalous correspondence may include, but are not limited to, the following: better than expected ... [3] Signs and Symptoms of ARC · Eye turn · Absence of diplopia (seeing two images of the same thing) · Avoidance of eye contact · Avoidance of visually demanding tasks ... [4] Absence of diplopia (seeing two images of the same thing); Avoidance of eye contact; Avoidance of visually demanding tasks; Better than expected performance on ... [5] Signs and Symptoms of ARC · Eye turn · Absence of diplopia (seeing two images of the same thing) · Avoidance of eye contact · Avoidance of visually demanding tasks ... [6] Signs and Symptoms of ARC · Eye turn · Absence of diplopia (seeing two images of the same thing) · Avoidance of eye contact · Avoidance of visually demanding tasks ... [7] Absence of diplopia (seeing two images of the same thing); Avoidance of eye contact; Avoidance of visually demanding tasks; Better than expected performance on ... [8] Signs and Symptoms of ARC · Eye turn · Absence of diplopia (seeing two images of the same thing) · Avoidance of eye contact · Avoidance of visually demanding tasks ... [9] Absence of diplopia (seeing two images of the same thing); Avoidance of eye contact; Avoidance of visually demanding tasks; Better than expected performance on ...

Additional Symptoms

  • Headaches
  • Eye Turn
  • Absence of Diplopia
  • Avoidance of Eye Contact
  • Avoidance of Visually Demanding Tasks
  • Better than Expected Performance on Visual Tasks
  • blurred vision
  • eye strain

Diagnostic Tests

Diagnostic Tests for Abnormal Retinal Correspondence

Abnormal retinal correspondence (ARC) is a condition where the two fovea, which are normally corresponding points, lose their common visual directions and acquire different ones---an extramacular element of one eye adopts the visual direction of the fovea of the other eye. Diagnostic tests for ARC are essential to assess this condition accurately.

Listed below are some diagnostic tests used to detect abnormal retinal correspondence:

  • Worth's four dot test: This test can assess binocular vision and evaluate for peripheral sensory fusion and suppression of the fovea.
  • Bagolini striated glasses test: This test is often used to quantify stereopsis and detect ARC. It creates artificial viewing conditions that help diagnose ARC.
  • Cover test: This test is used to detect strabismus, which is often associated with ARC.
  • Synoptophore: A synoptophore is a device used to assess binocular vision and detect ARC.
  • Red filter test: This test uses red filters to create artificial viewing conditions that help diagnose ARC.
  • After-image transfer test: This test involves transferring an after-image from one eye to the other to assess ARC.

Other diagnostic tests for abnormal retinal correspondence include:

  • Corneal reflex test
  • Ophthalmoscopic methods/visuscope
  • Bjerrum screen method
  • After-image transfer test

These tests are used to diagnose ARC and assess the severity of the condition. The diagnostic disagreement between tests for retinal correspondence is adequately explained by measurement error, unsteady eccentric fixation, and change in position of the eyes [4].

References:

[1] Gupta S D. Abnormal retinal correspondence, evaluation of the diagnostic procedures.

[2] Flom and Kerr diagnostic disagreement between tests.

[3] Anomalous retinal correspondence (ARC) is a diagnosis often associated with strabismus (eye turn).

[4] Diagnostic disagreement between tests for retinal correspondence is adequately explained by measurement error, unsteady eccentric fixation, and change in position of the eyes.

[5] Abnormal retinal correspond- ence represents a perverted sensory adaptation to a motor anomaly. Diagnostic tests of abnormal retinal correspondence, using ...

Additional Diagnostic Tests

  • Cover test
  • Worth's four dot test
  • Bagolini striated glasses test
  • Synoptophore
  • Red filter test
  • After-image transfer test
  • Corneal reflex test
  • visuscope
  • Bjerrum screen method

Treatment

Differential Diagnosis

Additional Information

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