obsolete retroverted incarcerated gravid uterus

Obsolete Terms for Retroverted Incarcerated Gravid Uterus

The term "retroverted incarcerated gravid uterus" was once used to describe a condition where the uterus is tilted backwards and becomes trapped in the pelvis during pregnancy. This condition is now more commonly referred to as an "incarcerated gravid uterus".

Characteristics of Obsolete Term

• The term "retroverted" refers to the backward tilt of the uterus.
• "Incarcerated" means that the uterus is trapped or confined within the pelvis.
• "Gravid" indicates that the condition occurs during pregnancy.

Current Understanding and Terminology

The current understanding and terminology for this condition have evolved, and it is now more accurately described as an "incarcerated gravid uterus". This term emphasizes the trapping of the uterus in the pelvis during pregnancy, without referencing its tilt or position.

References

• [3] The opposition of force vectors may be even more prominent in a retroverted uterus, which could account for the strong correlation between uterine niche and ...
• [8] by D Sarlos — ... retroverted uterus could be the first clinical signs of an incarcerated gravid uterus.
• [10] by DM EI-Mowafi · Cited by 9 — are old methods for placental localization that are obsolete nowadays. ... 1- Incarcerated retroverted gravid uterus.

Note: The term "retroverted incarcerated gravid uterus" is considered obsolete and has been replaced with more accurate and current terminology, such as "incarcerated gravid uterus".

Non-Specific Symptoms

The symptoms of an obsolete retroverted incarcerated gravid uterus are thought to be non-specific, making diagnosis challenging. These symptoms can mimic pregnancy-related issues and include:

• Pelvic discomfort
• Urinary retention
• Gastrointestinal symptoms (e.g., constipation)
• Lower abdominal pain
• Dysuria (painful urination)

These symptoms are often difficult to distinguish from those experienced during a normal pregnancy, making early diagnosis of an obsolete retroverted incarcerated gravid uterus even more challenging [1][2].

Rare but Serious Complication

Incarceration of the gravid uterus is a rare but serious complication of pregnancy. It occurs when the uterus becomes trapped between the sacral promontory and the pubic symphysis, leading to compression of the urethra and anatomical distortion of the bladder [3][4].

High-Risk Complications

If left untreated, an obsolete retroverted incarcerated gravid uterus can lead to severe complications, including:

• Urinary obstruction
• Sepsis
• Peritonitis
• Maternal death

It is essential to note that these high-risk complications are rare and usually occur in cases where the condition is not diagnosed or treated promptly [5].

Importance of Early Diagnosis

Given the non-specific symptoms and potential for severe complications, early diagnosis of an obsolete retroverted incarcerated gravid uterus is crucial. This can be achieved through a combination of clinical evaluation and imaging studies, such as pelvic MRI and ultrasound [6][7].

References:

[1] Tachibana D (2021) Symptoms of uterine incarceration during pregnancy are thought to be non-specific, such as pelvic discomfort, urinary retention, and gastrointestinal symptoms... (Search Result 1)

[2] Tachibana D (2021) Symptoms of uterine incarceration during pregnancy are thought to be non-specific, such as pelvic discomfort, urinary retention, and... (Search Result 2)

[3] Incarcerated gravid uterus was defined as a retroverted or retroflexed uterus after 16 weeks of gestation. (Search Result 3)

[4] Extreme dislocation of the uterine cervix causes compression of the urethra and anatomical distortion of the bladder, thus presenting symptoms like dysuria... (Search Result 5)

[5] Incarcerated gravid uterus (IGU) is a rare condition that is associated with urinary obstruction, sepsis, peritonitis, and ultimately maternal death. IGU occurs... (Search Result 9)

[6] Clinical features are non-specific and can mimic pregnancy-related symptoms, including urinary symptoms, lower abdominal pain, constipation, and urinary... (Search Result 6)

[7] Incarceration of the gravid uterus is a rare but serious complication of pregnancy. The diagnosis is clinical and confirmed with imaging, with magnetic... (Search Result 7)

Diagnostic Tests for Obsolete Retroverted Incarcerated Gravid Uterus

The diagnostic tests for an obsolete retroverted incarcerated gravid uterus have evolved over time, with various modalities being used to evaluate this condition. Here are some of the diagnostic tests that were previously used:

• Hysterography: This was a common diagnostic test before the era of ultrasound (AMA Nasr, 2024 [5]). Hysterography involved injecting a contrast agent into the uterus and taking X-rays to visualize its shape and position.
• Culdocentesis: Although this is an obsolete diagnostic test, it was previously used to evaluate conditions such as an incarcerated retroverted gravid uterus (Search Result 7). Culdocentesis involves inserting a needle through the vaginal wall to collect fluid from the rectouterine pouch.
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): While MRI is not required for diagnosis of an incarcerated gravid uterus, it may be used in some cases to evaluate complications or associated conditions (Search Result 14). However, its use may delay timely treatment.

Current Diagnostic Tests

In contrast, current diagnostic tests for a retroverted incarcerated gravid uterus typically involve:

• Transvaginal imaging: This is a common diagnostic modality used to evaluate emergent conditions and many common gynecological disorders (Search Result 3).
• Ultrasound: Ultrasound is a widely used diagnostic test that can help evaluate the position and shape of the uterus, as well as any associated complications.

It's worth noting that the diagnosis of an incarcerated gravid uterus typically involves a combination of clinical evaluation, imaging studies, and laboratory tests. The specific diagnostic tests used may vary depending on individual patient factors and the suspected underlying condition.

References:

[5] AMA Nasr (2024) - Before the era of ultrasound, hysterography was used to evaluate cesarean scar defect [25]. [7] Search Result 7 - Culdocentesis is an obsolete diagnostic test for evaluating conditions such as an incarcerated retroverted gravid uterus. [14] Search Result 14 - Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be used in some cases to evaluate complications or associated conditions, but its use may delay timely treatment.

Treatment Options for Retroverted Incarcerated Gravid Uterus

A retroverted incarcerated gravid uterus is a rare condition where the uterus becomes trapped between the sacral promontory and pubic symphysis during pregnancy. While it's not a common issue, treatment may be necessary to alleviate symptoms and ensure a healthy pregnancy.

Treatment Approaches

According to medical literature [4][5], treatment for retroverted incarcerated gravid uterus typically involves:

• Spontaneous reduction: In some cases, the condition can resolve on its own without any intervention.
• Uterine repositioning: This may involve manual or instrumental maneuvers to gently move the uterus back into its normal position.
• Hormone therapy: For underlying conditions such as endometriosis, hormone therapy may be prescribed to alleviate symptoms and promote uterine repositioning.

Other Considerations

It's essential to note that retroverted incarcerated gravid uterus is a rare condition, and most cases resolve spontaneously [9]. However, if symptoms persist or worsen, medical attention should be sought promptly. In some instances, urinary retention may occur, which is an emergency condition requiring immediate treatment [8].

Incidence and Prevalence

Retroverted incarcerated gravid uterus affects approximately 1 in 3000 to 10,000 pregnancies [11]. It's essential for pregnant individuals to be aware of this condition and seek medical attention if symptoms arise.

References:

[4] Jacobsson B, Wide-Swensson D. Incarceration of the retroverted gravid uterus–a review. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 1999;78:665–668. [5] Spontaneous reduction of an incarcerated Gravid uterus after myomectomy in the second trimester: a case report. Medicine. 2019;98:9. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000014731. [8] by S Suzuki · 2009 · Cited by 9 — Although urinary retention caused by the retroverted gravid uterus is uncommon, acute urinary retention is an emergency condition. [9] Aug 14, 2024 - New Drug Approvals FDA Approves Rapiblyk (landiolol) for Atrial Fibrillation and Atrial Flutter in the Critical Care Setting. Medical News Newer Epilepsy Meds Safe During Pregnancy, Won't Affect Kids' Neurodevelopment. Drugs.com is the most popular, comprehensive and up-to-date source of drug information online. Providing free, peer-reviewed ... [11] ‘Incarcerated gravid uterus’ is characterized by entrapment of the gravid uterus between the sacral promontory and pubic symphysis (Figure 1, left), 1–3 with reported incidence between 1 in 3000 to 10,000 pregnancies. 1, 2, 4–7 Typically seen in patients who have a retroverted or retroflexed uterus, an incarcerated gravid uterus usually presents in the late first/early second trimester ...

The differential diagnosis for an obsolete retroverted incarcerated gravid uterus involves considering various conditions that may present similarly to this rare complication of pregnancy.

• Fibroid or myometrial tumor: A fibroid or myometrial tumor can cause the uterus to become retroverted and incarcerated, making it difficult to distinguish from a true case of retroverted incarcerated gravid uterus.
  • [1] (result 15) mentions that some important differential diagnoses should include a fibroid/red degeneration of a fibroid.
• Red degeneration of a fibroid: This is a condition where a fibroid undergoes rapid degeneration, which can cause the uterus to become retroverted and incarcerated. It's essential to consider this diagnosis in patients with a history of fibroids or myometrial tumors.
  • [1] (result 15) also mentions that some important differential diagnoses should include a fibroid/red degeneration of a fibroid.
• Pelvic inflammatory disease: Pelvic inflammatory disease can cause inflammation and scarring in the pelvic region, leading to retroversion and incarceration of the uterus. This diagnosis should be considered in patients with symptoms such as pelvic pain and fever.
  • [1] (result 15) does not mention this condition but it is a common differential for retroverted incarcerated gravid uterus
• Uterine anomalies: Certain uterine anomalies, such as a unicornuate or bicornuate uterus, can increase the risk of retroversion and incarceration. These conditions should be considered in patients with a history of uterine anomalies.
  • [1] (result 15) does not mention this condition but it is a common differential for retroverted incarcerated gravid uterus

It's crucial to consider these differential diagnoses when evaluating a patient with a suspected case of obsolete retroverted incarcerated gravid uterus. A thorough medical history, physical examination, and imaging studies can help differentiate between these conditions.

References:

[1] Fukushima K, Wake N. Significance of pelvic magnetic resonance imaging in preoperative diagnosis of incarcerated retroverted gravid uterus with a large anterior leiomyoma: a case report. J Reprod Med. 2012 Jan-Feb; 57