obsolete adhesions of drum head to stapes

Based on the provided context, it appears that there are several medical conditions and terms related to the middle ear and its components.

The description of "adhesions of drum head to stapes" is mentioned in multiple search results. According to [1], this term refers to a condition where adhesions form between the tympanic membrane (drum head) and the stapes bone in the middle ear. This can be a result of chronic otitis media, an infection or inflammation of the middle ear.

In [2] and [3], it is mentioned that adhesive middle ear disease with adhesions of drum head to stapes is a disorder characterized by adhesions between the tympanic membrane and the stapes bone. This condition can lead to hearing loss and other complications.

The ICD-9 Code for this condition is 38512, which refers to "Adhesion tympanum-stapes" [12]. This code indicates that it is a diagnosis related to adhesions between the tympanic membrane and the stapes bone.

In terms of treatment, reconstructive middle ear surgery may be necessary to address this condition. According to [11], one such surgical option is the "stapes augmentation" type reconstruction, where the stapes superstructure is augmented to the drum by an interposing partial ossiculoplasty.

It's worth noting that the term "adhesions of drum head to stapes" may be considered obsolete in modern medical terminology. However, based on the provided context, it appears that this condition was previously recognized and described in medical literature.

References: [1] - Search result 2 [2] - Search result 3 [3] - Search result 4 [11] - Search result 11 [12] - Search result 12

Based on the provided context, it appears that there are several signs and symptoms associated with obsolete adhesions between the drum head and the stapes.

• Adhesions and polypi: Acute flare-ups may occur with each head cold or from getting dirty water in the ear. Many of such cases resist all conservative treatment [5].
• Otorrhea, granulation tissue changes, ear pain: These symptoms can be present due to adhesions around the stapes and chorda tympani [14].
• Invaginated drum heads: Some patients may exhibit invaginated drum heads, which can be a sign of adhesions between the drum head and the stapes [9].

It's worth noting that these symptoms can vary in severity and presentation. In some cases, the adhesions may not cause any noticeable symptoms, while in others they can lead to more severe complications.

In terms of diagnosis, it's essential to evaluate the ossicles to confirm erosion of the long process of the incus with adhesions around the stapes and chorda tympani [14]. This can be done through imaging studies or other diagnostic tests.

Overall, the signs and symptoms of obsolete adhesions between the drum head and the stapes can vary widely, but they often include a combination of ear-related issues such as otorrhea, granulation tissue changes, and ear pain.

Diagnostic Tests for Obsolete Adhesions of Drum Head to Stapes

Obsolete adhesions of the drum head to the stapes can be a challenging condition to diagnose, but several tests can help identify this issue. Here are some diagnostic tests that may be used:

• Middle ear endoscopy: This minimally invasive office-based procedure has demonstrated an important adjunctive role in the management of otologic disease, including diagnosing adhesions between the drum head and stapes (Source: [4])
• Pure tone audiometry: A simple perforation commonly presents as a low-frequency conductive hearing loss clinically. However, more complex cases involving adhesions may require further testing, such as pure tone audiometry (Source: [6])
• Tympanometry: This test can help assess the mobility of the eardrum and middle ear system, which may be affected by adhesions between the drum head and stapes (Source: [10])
• Stapes and tensor reflex tests: These tests can help evaluate the function of the stapes bone and its connection to the tympanic membrane (Source: [10])

It's worth noting that direct experimental knowledge, such as through middle ear endoscopy, is more reliable than inferential diagnosis obtained by audiometry tests (Source: [8]). A completely fixed stapes is pathognomonic of adhesions between the drum head and stapes (Source: [8]).

In addition to these diagnostic tests, a systematic approach to examination, starting from the outer parts of the ear before moving to the inner parts, can also be helpful in identifying adhesions between the drum head and stapes (Source: [9]).

Based on the provided context, it appears that there are several conditions that can be considered as differential diagnoses for obsolete adhesions of the drum head to the stapes.

• Otosclerosis: This is a genetically mediated metabolic bone disease that affects the otic capsule and stapes. It is an autosomal dominant disorder with varying severity (Source: [2]). While otosclerosis primarily affects the stapes, it can also lead to adhesions between the drum head and the stapes.
• Adhesions of drum head to incus: This condition is classified under ICD-9 code 385.11 and refers to adhesions between the drum head and the incus (Source: [3]). Although this condition specifically mentions the incus, it's possible that similar adhesions could occur with the stapes.
• Middle ear conditions presenting with a "Blue Drum" or "Red Mass behind the Ear Drum": Table 3 in source [11] lists various differential diagnoses for middle ear conditions presenting with these symptoms. While not specifically mentioning adhesions to the stapes, this table includes conditions such as congenital cholesteatoma and post-inflammatory ossicular chain erosion.
• Congenital cholesteatoma: This is a rare condition that can affect the middle ear and may lead to erosion of the ossicular chain (Source: [12]). Although not specifically mentioned in source [3], it's possible that similar adhesions could occur with the stapes.

It's essential to note that these conditions are not exhaustive, and other factors such as trauma or infection can also contribute to adhesions between the drum head and the stapes. A thorough medical evaluation would be necessary to determine the correct differential diagnosis for a specific patient.

References:

[2] Otosclerosis is a genetically mediated metabolic bone disease that affects the otic capsule and stapes. [3] ICD-9 code 385.11 refers to adhesions of drum head to incus. [11] Table 3 lists various differential diagnoses for middle ear conditions presenting with "Blue Drum" or "Red Mass behind the Ear Drum". [12] Congenital cholesteatoma can lead to erosion of the ossicular chain, including the stapes.