obsolete functional disorder of polymorphonuclear neutrophils

Based on the provided context, I was able to find information about a functional disorder of polymorphonuclear neutrophils.

A functional disorder of polymorphonuclear neutrophils is described as Chronic Granulomatous Disease (CGD). This condition is characterized by defects in the phagocytic cells' ability to kill bacteria and fungi, leading to recurring infections and granuloma formation [14].

In CGD, the neutrophils and macrophages fail to produce hydrogen peroxide during phagocytosis, which is essential for killing intracellular microbes. This results in an increased susceptibility to bacterial and fungal infections [12].

CGD is a rare genetic disorder with a predominantly X-linked recessive pattern of inheritance. It affects the functioning of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs), making it difficult for them to clear bacteria and fungi from the body.

The symptoms of CGD include recurring bacterial infections, granuloma formation, and impaired phagocytic clearance of pathogens [4].

It's worth noting that while this condition is described as "obsolete," it may still be relevant in certain contexts or for specific populations. However, I couldn't find any further information on the current status or prevalence of this disorder.

References: [12] - Disorders of any of these steps can result in increased susceptibility to infection, particularly by bacteria and certain fungi such as Candida and Aspergillus. [14] - Functional disorders of polymorphonuclear neutrophils. DOID EFO MESH Endpoint Browser. D3_FUNCPOLYMORPHONUCNEUTRO. obsolete_chronic granulomatous disease: ['A recessive X-linked defect of leukocyte function in which phagocytic cells ingest but fail to digest bacteria, resulting in recurring bacterial infections with granuloma formation.']

Based on the provided context, here are the signs and symptoms of obsolete functional disorder of polymorphonuclear neutrophils:

• Recurrent infections: Patients with this condition may experience recurrent infections, especially pneumonia (Search Result 4).
• Cervical lymphadenopathy: Swelling of the lymph nodes in the neck is another symptom associated with this condition (Search Result 4).
• Hepatosplenomegaly: Enlargement of the liver and spleen can also be observed in patients with functional disorders of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (Search Result 4).

Additionally, other symptoms that may be present include:

• Fever: Patients may experience fever as a result of recurrent infections (Search Result 8).
• Malaise: A general feeling of being unwell or tired can also be a symptom of this condition (Search Result 8).
• Bone pain and deformity: In some cases, patients with functional disorders of polymorphonuclear neutrophils may experience bone pain and deformity due to vertebral collapse (Search Result 1).

It's worth noting that these symptoms are based on the obsolete view of functional disorder of polymorphonuclear neutrophils, which is now considered outdated. Modern understanding of this condition has evolved, and new studies have demonstrated different aspects of neutrophil function and dysfunction.

References: * [4] - Cervical lymphadenopathy and hepatosplenomegaly are mentioned as symptoms in Search Result 4. * [8] - Fever and malaise are listed as symptoms in Search Result 8. * [1] - Bone pain and deformity due to vertebral collapse are described in Search Result 1.

Diagnostic Tests for Obsolete Functional Disorder of Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils

The diagnostic tests for obsolete functional disorder of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) are primarily focused on identifying the underlying condition, which is characterized by an abnormal functioning of PMNs. According to [5], diagnosis is typically done using flow cytometry or cytochemical stains.

• Flow Cytometry: This test measures the size and granularity of PMNs, helping to identify any abnormalities in their functioning.
• Cytochemical Stains: These tests use chemical dyes to stain specific components within PMNs, allowing for a detailed examination of their structure and function.

It's worth noting that there is no specific treatment for the deficiency itself. Treatment focuses on [5] addressing the underlying condition or symptoms associated with it.

References:

• [5] - This review provides an overview of the diagnostic tests used to identify obsolete functional disorder of PMNs.
• [7] - This article discusses the outdated view of neutrophils as innate immune cells that respond rapidly to microbial invasion and then rapidly die by apoptosis, which is relevant to understanding the context of obsolete functional disorder.

Based on the provided context, it appears that there are several treatments mentioned for disorders related to polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs). Here's a summary:

• Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT): This is considered the definitive therapy for Chronic Granulomatous Disease (CGD) IBD, which affects PMNs [1].
• IFN-γ: Treatment with IFN-γ has significant effects on phagocytosis and cell killing in PMNs [2].
• Empagliflozin: This glucose-lowering SGLT2 inhibitor was successfully repurposed for treating neutropenia and neutrophil dysfunction, including in patients with Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (GSD) Ib-associated neutropenia [3][4].
• SGLT2 inhibitors: These are a new and probably safe treatment option for GSD Ib-associated neutropenia and neutrophil dysfunction [5].
• Dapsone: This has anti-neutrophilic activity through its inhibition of IL-8 mediated chemotaxis, which may be therapeutic in COVID-19 associated ARDS [6].

It's worth noting that these treatments are not specifically for an "obsolete functional disorder of polymorphonuclear neutrophils", but rather for various conditions related to PMN dysfunction. If you could provide more context or clarify what specific disorder you're referring to, I may be able to provide a more targeted answer.

References: [1] CS Zerbe (2024) [2] TN Ellis (2004) [3] SB Wortmann (2020) [4] SB Wortmann (2020) [5] SC Grünert (2020) [6] CC Chiang (2020)

Based on the provided context, it appears that you are looking for a differential diagnosis of an outdated functional disorder of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs). However, I must note that the term "obsolete" is not explicitly mentioned in the search results.

That being said, I will attempt to provide a response based on the information available. The context suggests that there are various disorders related to PMN function and number, which can lead to increased susceptibility to infection.

Here's a possible differential diagnosis for functional disorders of polymorphonuclear neutrophils:

• Chronic Granulomatous Disease (CGD): A genetic disorder caused by defects in the leukocyte nicotinamide dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase, leading to impaired production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This can result in recurrent and severe bacterial and fungal infections. [11]
• Acquired Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS): A clonal hematopoietic disorder characterized by ineffective myelopoiesis, which can lead to neutropenia and increased susceptibility to infection. [13]
• ELANE-related Neutropenia: A rare genetic disorder caused by mutations in the ELANE gene, leading to impaired production of mature PMNs and increased risk of infections. [13]
• Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML): A type of cancer that affects the myeloid lineage, which can lead to neutropenia and increased susceptibility to infection. [6]

Please note that these conditions are not necessarily "obsolete" but rather outdated terms or concepts in modern medicine.

References:

[11] CGD is caused by genetic defects in the leukocyte nicotinamide dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase. [13] Intrinsic defects in myelopoiesis stem from germline pathogenic variants, eg, ELANE-related neutropenia, or somatic genetic alterations, eg, acquired MDS, that have a negative impact on the efficiency or development of myeloid progenitors into functional polymorphonuclear neutrophils. [6] Neutropenia is defined by either an absolute or functional defect (acute myeloid leukemia or myelodysplastic syndrome) of polymorphonuclear ...