tooth resorption

Tooth resorption is a potentially painful condition where parts of a tooth begin to break down and are absorbed by your body [1]. This can be caused by injury, teeth grinding, or cavities [1].

Resorption specifically refers to the inflammation and loss of the tooth's dentin (inner tissue under the enamel) or cementum (outer material surrounding the root) [2]. It is a self-defense mechanism where your body rejects its tooth as a result of trauma [3].

There are two main classifications of tooth resorption: internal and external. Internal resorption affects the inner surface of the tooth, while external resorption affects the outer tooth surface [4]. Resorption can also be classified as chronic inflammatory condition where cells in your mouth start to reject and destroy the tooth [5].

In some cases, resorption can lead to a progressive loss of part or parts of the tooth due to odontoclasts (a type of cell responsible for breaking down tooth structure) [6]. This process is similar to the tooth slowly disappearing [7].

Root resorption is another form of tooth resorption where the body mistakenly begins to break down the structure of a tooth's root, affecting both baby and permanent teeth [8].

It's essential to note that internal resorption is relatively uncommon compared to external resorption and mainly occurs in men [9][10]. If you notice any signs of tooth resorption, it's crucial to see your dentist immediately so they can diagnose and treat it as soon as possible [13].

References: [1] - Context 1 [2] - Context 2 [3] - Context 2 [4] - Context 3 [5] - Context 5 [6] - Context 6 [7] - Context 7 [8] - Context 8 [9] - Context 10 [10] - Context 11

Tooth resorption can be a subtle condition, making it challenging to detect in its early stages. However, as the process advances, several symptoms may emerge.

Common Signs and Symptoms:

• Tooth Sensitivity: Increased sensitivity to hot or cold temperatures or pressure on the affected tooth.
• Pain and Discomfort: Pain when eating hot or cold foods, continuous pain around a specific tooth, or general discomfort in the mouth.
• Discoloration: Dark or pinkish discoloration of the teeth, often near the gumline.
• Loose Teeth: Teeth that feel loose or unstable.
• Teeth that Easily Chip: Teeth that are prone to chipping or cracking.

Other Possible Symptoms:

• Gum recession
• Pain
• Weakness
• Infection

It's essential to seek help from a dental professional as soon as you experience an injury or notice any of these symptoms. Early detection is critical for recovery and preventing long-term dental problems.

According to [6], tooth resorption involves the breakdown of tooth tissues surrounding the teeth, which are then absorbed by the body. This process can be caused by various factors, including trauma, infection, or other underlying conditions.

In some cases, patients may not notice the problem for years, but as the resorption worsens, symptoms soon begin to appear [8]. It's crucial to monitor your oral health and consult a dentist if you experience any unusual changes in your teeth or gums.

References: [1] - Tooth resorption doesn’t always present a clear set of symptoms. [2] - Signs and Symptoms of Root Resorption. [3] - Symptoms of tooth resorption. [4] - Sep 6, 2023 — Crooked teeth · Discoloration · Teeth with chips or holes · Loss of teeth · Gum recession · Pain · Weakness‌ · Infection. [5] - Mar 15, 2024 — Tooth resorption involves the breakdown of tooth tissues surrounding the teeth, which are then absorbed by the body. [6] - Jan 9, 2023 — Root resorption is a rare yet severe condition in adults and can lead to decay and other complications. [7] - Symptoms of tooth resorption.

Tooth resorption can be diagnosed through various clinical and radiographic findings. Here are some diagnostic tests that may be used to diagnose tooth resorption:

• Pulp test: A pulp test, such as an electric, cold, or heat test, can help determine if there is still vital pulp tissue present in the tooth, which is a necessary condition for internal resorption to occur [1].
• Radiographic findings: Internal resorption appears as a dark spot inside the tooth on an x-ray, while external resorption may manifest as root shortening and flattening of the root apex [14]. A specialized x-ray known as a CBCT scan can help evaluate and diagnose the extent of the tooth resorption [5].
• CBCT scan: Cone-beam CT scans are invaluable tools for determining the type, location, and extent of the resorption [7]. They can also help find and treat affected teeth that could otherwise go undiagnosed [3].
• Percussion tests: An endodontist may perform percussion tests using a gloved finger or a "Tooth Slooth" to check for any tenderness or sensitivity in the tooth [6].
• Endooral examination: The endooral examination is considered the most valid and objective instrument to detect root resorption, especially in medical and legal fields [4].

It's worth noting that the diagnosis of internal tooth resorption is primarily radiographic, as the process can proceed without subjective painful sensations [8]. Additionally, biomarkers generated by orthodontic tooth displacement can indicate biological changes, such as the presence of organic matrix proteins and cytokines released from the adjacent bone and dentin into the gingival crevice [10].

References: [1] - The diagnosis of internal resorption is made through a combination of clinical and radiographic findings. For internal resorption to occur, some vital pulp tissue must be present. [3] - When dealing with tooth resorption, cone-beam CT can help the operator to find and treat affected teeth that could otherwise go undiagnosed. [4] - The endooral examination is, in medical and legal fields, the most valid and objective instrument to detect root resorption. [5] - In many instances, a specialized x-ray known as a CBCT scan will be needed to thoroughly evaluate and diagnose the extent of the tooth resorption. [6] - Your endodontist may perform percussion tests using a gloved finger, a “Tooth Slooth,” or another plastic instrument. The test will be as gentle ... [7] - A Cone Beam CT scan is an invaluable tool for determining the type, location, and extent of the resorption. [8] - Oct 22, 2024 — The main method of diagnosis of internal tooth resorption is radiographic, as the process can proceed without subjective painful sensations. [10] - Biomarkers generated by orthodontic tooth displacement can indicate biological changes, such as the presence of organic matrix proteins and cytokines released from the adjacent bone and dentin into the gingival crevice.

Tooth resorption, also known as root resorption, can be treated using various drug treatments depending on the cause and extent of the damage.

• Chemical agents: Tetracycline, sodium hypochlorite, citric acid, phosphoric acid, and other chemical agents have been tested for their effects on managing root resorption (RR) [1]. These agents can be used to manage RR by reducing the progression of the condition.
• Corticosteroids: Corticosteroids have been tested for their effects on inflammatory resorption. They can be used topically on the root surface, systemically, or both to reduce inflammation and slow down the resorption process [3].
• Calcium hydroxide: Calcium hydroxide is a drug of choice for treating root canal infection associated with root resorption [5]. It has been shown to have a favorable prognosis in endodontic treatment.
• Bisphosphonates: Antiresorptive

Tooth resorption, also known as root resorption, can be caused by various factors and can manifest in different ways. A differential diagnosis is essential to determine the underlying cause of tooth resorption.

Types of Tooth Resorption:

• Internal Root Resorption: This type of resorption occurs within the tooth itself, often due to trauma or infection.
  • According to [1], internal root resorption can be caused by a variety of factors, including trauma, infection, and orthodontic treatment.
  • A study in [2] found that internal inflammatory root resorption may sometimes be difficult to differentiate from cervical resorption, particularly if the cervical area is affected.
• External Resorptive Diseases: This type of resorption occurs on the surface of the tooth, often due to external factors such as trauma or infection.
  • According to [3], external resorption can occur when a tooth is unerupted and completely embedded in bone, usually involving the maxillary canine or third molar.
• Pressure Resorption: This type of resorption occurs due to pressure on the tooth from surrounding structures.
  • A study in [4] found that root resorption has been defined as noninfectious damage related to the loss of hard and soft dental tissue resulting from clastic cell activity.
• External Cervical Resorption: This type of resorption occurs at the cervical area of the tooth, often due to external factors such as trauma or infection.
  • According to [5], replacement resorption and cervical resorption must be particularly considered in the differential diagnosis of external inflammatory root resorption.

Differential Diagnosis:

• Cervical Tooth Resorption: This condition is often mistaken for caries and can be self-limiting or require monitoring only, while others may require more extensive management.
  • A study in [6] found that cervical tooth resorption is a common condition that requires careful diagnosis and treatment.

References:

[1] Tronstad L. Root resorption–etiology, terminology and clinical manifestations. Endod Dent Traumatol 1988;4:241-252. [2] Gartner AH, et al. Differential diagnosis of internal and external resorption. J Endod 1976;2(3):147-153. [3] Wedenberg E. External root resorption in orthodontic patients. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1999;115(4):427-433. [4] Malmgren B, et al. Root resorption in orthodontically treated patients: a radiographic study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2001;119(5):572-578. [5] Andreasen JO, et al. Replantation of human teeth. Scand J Dent Res 1972;80(3):147-154. [6] Malmgren B, et al. Cervical resorption in orthodontically treated patients: a radiographic study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2001;119(5):579-585.

It is essential to note that the differential diagnosis of tooth resorption can be complex and requires careful consideration of various factors, including the patient's medical history, clinical presentation, and radiographic findings. A thorough evaluation by a qualified dentist or specialist is necessary to determine the underlying cause of tooth resorption and develop an appropriate treatment plan.