obsolete open angle with borderline glaucoma findings

Based on the provided context, it appears that there are some outdated classifications and codes related to open-angle glaucoma with borderline findings.

• According to search result [8], there was a code "365.05 – New – Open angle with borderline findings, high risk" in 2011, which suggests that this classification was considered relevant at the time.
• Search result [13] mentions monitoring patients with borderline glaucoma findings every 6 months and repeating diagnostic exams annually, indicating that these patients were being closely monitored for potential progression to open-angle glaucoma.

However, it's essential to note that these classifications and codes may no longer be in use or relevant today. The American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO) and other reputable organizations regularly update their guidelines and classifications to reflect the latest research and understanding of eye diseases.

In modern practice, patients with borderline glaucoma findings are likely being evaluated and managed based on more contemporary guidelines and standards of care. If you're looking for information on current best practices or recommendations for managing open-angle glaucoma with borderline findings, I'd be happy to help you search for that information.

Based on the provided context, here are the signs and symptoms of open-angle glaucoma with borderline glaucoma findings:

Elevated Eye Pressure: One of the common signs of open-angle glaucoma is elevated eye pressure (IOP), which can be higher than the average range [11]. However, it's essential to note that normal IOP does not rule out glaucoma, as some people with glaucoma may have normal eye pressure [13].

Healthy Optic Nerves and Normal Visual Fields: In cases of borderline glaucoma, patients may have healthy optic nerves and normal visual fields, making it challenging to diagnose the condition [12]. This is because glaucoma can progress slowly over time, and some people may not experience any symptoms until their peripheral vision changes.

Asymptomatic Until Advanced Stages: Open-angle glaucoma is often asymptomatic until its advanced stages when the optic nerve is damaged. At this point, patients may experience a slow, gradual increase in eye pressure, which can lead to a loss of peripheral vision [15].

Other Signs and Symptoms: While not specific to borderline open-angle glaucoma, other signs and symptoms that may be associated with glaucoma include:

• Frontal headache
• Halos around lights
• Nausea

However, these symptoms do not always precede the attack [7]. It's essential to note that some people with glaucoma may not experience any of these symptoms until their condition is advanced.

Monitoring and Management: In cases where borderline glaucoma findings are present, it's crucial to monitor patients closely and manage their condition accordingly. This may involve regular eye exams, IOP checks, and visual field tests to track any changes or progression of the disease [12].

References:

[7] - Symptoms -- frontal headache, halos around lights, nausea -- do not always precede the attack. [11] - Open-angle suspects have one or more eye findings that suggest a higher risk of having or developing glaucoma than the average person. For example, their measured eye pressure (IOP) can be higher than the average range. [12] - What are we to do in these situations? Most commonly, we will simply monitor these borderline glaucoma patients (also known as suspects). [13] - IOP is normal. Gonioscopy shows an open angle. [15] - Open-angle glaucoma progresses slowly over time. It’s usually asymptomatic until its advanced stages when the optic nerve is damaged.

Based on the provided context, it appears that there are various diagnostic tests used to determine the presence and severity of open-angle glaucoma.

Visual Field Testing Standard automated perimetry (SAP) is currently the most commonly used method to quantify glaucomatous damage [2]. This test measures the visual field and can help identify areas where vision may be affected by glaucoma. However, it's essential to note that no diagnostic test exists with both sufficient sensitivity and specificity suitable for population-wide glaucoma screening [8].

Other Diagnostic Tests In addition to SAP, other tests are used in conjunction to diagnose open-angle glaucoma. These include:

• Ophthalmoscopy: This test allows healthcare professionals to examine the optic disc and retina for signs of damage [3].
• Gonioscopic exam: This test can rule out angle closure by examining the angle between the iris and cornea [7].
• Ocular coherence tomography (OCT): This scanning system measures the shape, volume, and nerve fiber layer thickness of the optic nerve fiber rim and retina [9].

Diagnostic Criteria A diagnosis of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) suspect is established by the presence of consistently elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), a suspicious optic nerve, retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), or visual field in one or both eyes [15]. Risk factors for POAG include older age, African race or Latino/Hispanic ethnicity, elevated IOP, and a history of farsightedness, eye injury, complicated eye surgery, diabetes, high blood pressure, or corticosteroid use [11].

Summary In summary, the diagnostic tests used to determine the presence and severity of open-angle glaucoma include visual field testing with SAP, ophthalmoscopy, gonioscopic exam, OCT, and other clinical findings. A diagnosis is established by a combination of these tests and risk factors.

References:

[2] P Brusini · 2021 · Cited by 11 — Visual field and optic disc examination are thus important, both for an early diagnosis of glaucoma and for the definition of the severity of the disease. [7] Gonioscopic exam can rule out angle closure; if the angle is open throughout at the time of IOP elevation, the diagnosis is not angle-closure glaucoma, even if ... [8] by MPY Chan · 2020 — No diagnostic test exists with both sufficient sensitivity and specificity suitable for population-wide glaucoma screening. [9] Ocular coherence tomography is a scanning system that can measure the shape, volume and also nerve fiber layer thickness of the optic nerve fiber rim and the ... [11] Are Black (open-angle glaucoma). Are older than 40. [15] A diagnosis of primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) suspect is established by the presence of consistently elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), also know as ocular hypertension, or a suspicious optic nerve, retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), or visual field in one or both eyes.

Differential Diagnosis of Open-Angle Glaucoma with Borderline Findings

When diagnosing open-angle glaucoma (OAG) with borderline findings, it's essential to consider various differential diagnoses to ensure accurate identification and management of the condition. Here are some possible differential diagnoses to consider:

• Ocular Hypertension: Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) without definite signs of glaucomatous optic neuropathy.
• Normal Tension Glaucoma: All features of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) but IOP always measured within normal limits.
• Primary Angle Closure Glaucoma: Narrow drainage angle on gonioscopy, which can lead to sudden and severe vision loss if not treated promptly.

Other Differential Diagnoses

In addition to the above-mentioned conditions, other differential diagnoses to consider when diagnosing OAG with borderline findings include:

• Congenital Glaucoma: A rare condition that affects infants and young children, characterized by increased IOP and optic nerve damage.
• Traumatic Rupture of Descemet's Membrane: A condition that can occur after eye trauma, leading to increased IOP and glaucomatous changes.
• Large or Cloudy Cornea: Conditions that can affect the cornea and lead to increased IOP and glaucomatous changes.

Key Considerations

When making a differential diagnosis of OAG with borderline findings, it's essential to consider the following key factors:

• IOP Measurements: Carefully evaluate IOP measurements to determine if they are within normal limits or elevated.
• Optic Nerve Evaluation: Assess the optic nerve for signs of glaucomatous damage, such as cupping and thinning.
• Visual Field Testing: Perform visual field testing to assess any potential defects in vision.

References

[6] Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is a disease in which elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is combined with a progressive optic neuropathy, resulting in ... [13] H40.011–Open-angle glaucoma with borderline findings, ...

Note: The numbers in square brackets refer to the search results provided in the context.