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obsolete agalactia
ICD-10 Codes
Related ICD-10:
Description
Obsolete Agalactia: A Historical Perspective
Agalactia, also known as failure of lactation, was a term used in the past to describe the absence or failure of milk secretion in women after childbirth. This condition was considered a significant issue in the medical community, particularly during the 19th and early 20th centuries.
Definition and Causes
According to historical medical texts, agalactia referred to the complete or partial failure of milk production in lactating women, regardless of whether they had previously lactated successfully. The causes of agalactia were not well understood at the time but were thought to include factors such as:
- Underdevelopment of the breast parenchyma
- Gross endocrine disorders
- Fermentopathies (abnormalities in milk production)
Types of Agalactia
Historical medical texts also distinguished between two types of agalactia: primary and secondary. Primary agalactia referred to a complete lack of milk production due to the impossibility of its production, while secondary agalactia was caused by external factors or pathological conditions that led to the cessation of lactogenesis in previously lactated women.
Treatment and Management
The treatment and management of agalactia varied depending on the underlying cause. In some cases, medical professionals may have recommended various remedies, such as herbal concoctions or other forms of folk medicine, to stimulate milk production. However, these treatments were often ineffective and sometimes even harmful.
Legacy and Relevance
Today, the term "agalactia" is considered obsolete, and the condition it described has been replaced by more modern terms such as lactation insufficiency or low milk supply. Nevertheless, understanding the historical context of agalactia can provide valuable insights into the evolution of medical knowledge and the development of breastfeeding practices.
References
- [1] Definition of Agalactia ( obsolete )
- [3] Pathology: absence or failure of secretion of milk
- [10] Preferred Name: obsolete agalactia
- [14] Primary and secondary agalactia
Signs and Symptoms
Based on the provided context, it appears that there are various signs and symptoms associated with agalactia, a condition characterized by the absence or failure of milk secretion in animals.
- Clinical manifestations: According to search result [3], clinical signs and symptoms of agalactia include fever, chills, flank pain, nausea, and vomiting. Patients may or may not have symptoms of a lower tract infection.
- Mastitis and udder health issues: Search results [9] and [11] mention that mastitis, soreness of teats, and poor udder health are common signs associated with agalactia in small ruminants. Additionally, search result [11] notes that shrinkage in the udder size is also seen.
- Systemic disease and complications: Search results [13] and [15] mention that systemic disease and mastitis are two of the most common causes of agalactia in domesticated small ruminants. Complications such as septicaemia, mastitis, arthritis, pleurisy, pneumonia, and keratoconjunctivitis can also occur.
- Swine agalactia syndrome: Search result [14] describes swine agalactia syndrome, which occurs in the early stages of lactation and is characterized by signs such as fever, weight loss, anorexia, and anemia.
It's worth noting that these symptoms may vary depending on the specific context and cause of agalactia. However, based on the provided search results, it appears that a combination of clinical manifestations, mastitis, udder health issues, systemic disease, and complications can be associated with obsolete agalactia.
References: [3], [9], [11], [13], [14], [15]
Additional Symptoms
- Pleurisy
- Keratoconjunctivitis
- Soreness of teats
- Poor udder health
- Shrinkage in the udder size
- Septicaemia
- weight loss
- anemia
- nausea
- obsolete pneumonia
- arthritis
- anorexia
- vomiting
- fever
- pain
- chills
- obsolete mastitis
Diagnostic Tests
Diagnostic Tests for Contagious Agalactia
Contagious agalactia, a disease affecting small ruminants worldwide, requires accurate and timely diagnosis to implement effective control measures. While various diagnostic tests have been developed over the years, some have become obsolete due to advancements in technology and testing methods.
Obsolete Diagnostic Tests:
- LP Test: The LP test has been rendered obsolete with the development of more advanced techniques such as latex agglutination test (LA test), flow cytometry, and PCR-based assays [15][17].
- Bacterial Antigen Detection Tests: These tests have historically been used as an adjunct to other laboratory tests for the diagnosis of contagious agalactia but are no longer considered reliable or accurate [11].
Current Diagnostic Methods:
- PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction): PCR-based assays, such as nucleotide sequencing and PCR detection, are widely used for confirming contagious agalactia based on clinical signs and response to treatment [8].
- LAMP (Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification) Test: The LAMP test has been validated for the detection of M. agalactiae in dairy sheep, making it a potential diagnostic tool for field-level applications [9].
Other Diagnostic Approaches:
- ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay): While ELISA is commonly used for serological detection of contagious agalactia, its limitations and performance have not been properly evaluated [3][7].
- Molecular Syndromic Panels: These panels are used for infectious disease pathogen identification testing, including contagious agalactia, but may
Treatment
Treatment Options for Agalactia
Agalactia, or the inability to produce milk, can be a challenging condition for lactating women. While modern treatments have improved, some older methods are still worth mentioning.
- Domperidone: This medication was used in the past to stimulate milk production and treat agalactia (Source: [3]). However, its effectiveness is now debated, and it's not commonly prescribed.
- Metoclopramide: Another dopamine antagonist drug, metoclopramide was tried in two mares affected by agalactia with some success (Source: [8]). However, its use is no longer recommended due to potential side effects.
- Methergoline: This medication was administered to 30 patients for 5 consecutive days starting on the morning after delivery in an attempt to stimulate milk production (Source: [6]). However, its efficacy and safety are unclear.
Modern Treatment Approaches
In contrast to these older methods, modern treatment approaches focus on addressing underlying causes of agalactia. These may include:
- Antibiotics: To treat any bacterial infections that could be contributing to the condition.
- Hormonal therapies: To regulate hormone imbalances that might be affecting milk production.
- Pain management: To address any pain or discomfort associated with lactation.
It's essential to consult a healthcare professional for personalized advice on treating agalactia. They can help determine the best course of action based on individual circumstances.
References:
[3] Rochelle L. Jensen, Aime K. Johnson, Robyn R. Wilborn, Natalie S. Fraser. (Case report on the use of domperidone for management of agalactia in a queen.)
[6] Methergoline was administered for 5 consecutive days starting on the morning after delivery in an attempt to stimulate milk production.
[8] Treatment of 2 m
Differential Diagnosis
Additional Information
- oboInOwl#hasOBONamespace
- disease_ontology
- oboInOwl#hasAlternativeId
- DOID:1401
- oboInOwl#id
- DOID:1402
- core#notation
- DOID:1402
- oboInOwl#hasExactSynonym
- Failure of lactation, with delivery, with or without mention of antepartum condition
- rdf-schema#label
- obsolete agalactia
- owl#deprecated
- true
- relatedICD
- http://example.org/icd10/O92.3
- 22-rdf-syntax-ns#type
- http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
- rdf-schema#domain
- https://w3id.org/def/predibionto#has_symptom_8759
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