external pathological resorption

External Pathological Resorption: A Comprehensive Overview

External pathological resorption, also known as external root resorption, is a condition characterized by the loss of tooth structure due to various mechanical or chemical stimuli. This process can occur in response to factors such as infection, pressure, trauma, or orthodontic tooth movement.

Types of External Pathological Resorption

There are several types of external pathological resorption, including:

• Inflammatory Root Resorption: Caused by external pressure exerted on the tooth by the force of orthodontic appliances.
• External Cervical Resorption (ECR): A localized resorptive lesion of the cervical area of the root below the epithelial attachment.
• Pressure Resorption (PR): A non-inflammatory form of external resorption associated with direct damage to the precementum and periodontal ligament.

Causes and Risk Factors

External pathological resorption can be triggered by various factors, including:

• Orthodontic tooth movement
• Misaligned tooth eruption
• Slow-growing tumors or cysts of the jaw
• Infection
• Trauma

The condition tends to occur more frequently in people aged between 21 and 30 years.

Symptoms and Diagnosis

External pathological resorption can be diagnosed through various methods, including:

• Radiographic examination (X-rays)
• Histopathological analysis (microscopic examination of tissue samples)

Symptoms may include:

• Tooth sensitivity
• Pain or discomfort
• Swelling or redness in the affected area

Management and Treatment

Treatment options for external pathological resorption depend on the severity and type of condition. These may include:

• Lowering orthodontic forces to prevent further damage
• Surgical intervention (in cases of ECR)
• Monitoring and follow-up appointments with a dentist or periodontist

It is essential to seek professional dental care if symptoms persist or worsen over time.

References

[1] External root resorption tends to occur more frequently in people aged between 21 and 30 years. [2] [3] Pressure resorption (PR) is associated with the same originating tissues as EIRR via a differing etiology. [4] [5] Pathological sections have provided important reference for understanding the cellular as well as tissue constituent of the resorption lesion. [6][7][8] [9] External cervical resorption (ECR) is believed to derive from a disruption of the periodontal ligament, which subsequently induces inflammation. [10] [11] ECR begins as a localized resorptive process that initiates on the area of the root beneath the epithelial attachment and the coronal part of the tooth. [12]

Note: The references provided are based on information within the search results context.

External Pathological Root Resorption: Signs and Symptoms

External pathological root resorption is a condition where the roots of teeth are resorbed or broken down due to various stimuli such as infection, pressure, trauma, or orthodontic tooth movement. While this condition may not always produce symptoms, there are several signs and symptoms that can indicate its presence.

Common Signs and Symptoms:

• Swelling in gums: Swelling of the gums around the affected tooth is a common sign of external pathological root resorption [2].
• Pink or dark spots on teeth: Pink or dark spots may appear on the surface of the affected tooth, indicating the presence of this condition [2].
• Tooth movement: The affected tooth may start to move or become loose due to the resorption of its roots [1].
• Pain: Pain in the crown, root, or inside of the tooth can be a symptom of external pathological root resorption [14].

Other Signs and Symptoms:

• Broken or chipped teeth: External pathological root resorption can lead to broken or chipped teeth due to the weakening of the roots [15].
• Radiographic changes: Radiographs may show mottled appearance of the affected tooth, indicating the presence of this condition [13].

It's essential to note that not all cases of external pathological root resorption will exhibit symptoms. Regular dental check-ups and radiographic examination can help identify this condition early on.

References:

[1] Context result 3 [2] Context result 2 [13] Context result 13 [14] Context result 14 [15] Context result 15

Based on the context, here are some diagnostic tests for external pathological resorption:

1. Radiographic examination: A thorough radiographic examination using periapical and bitewing radiographs is essential to diagnose external root resorption (ERR). The radiographs can help identify the extent of resorption.
2. Vitality testing: Vitality testing, such as electric pulp testing or thermal testing, may be helpful in detecting the type of ERR. For example, if the tooth is non-vital, it may indicate a more advanced stage of ERR.
3. CBCT (Cone Beam Computed Tomography): CBCT scans can provide detailed images of the tooth and surrounding bone, helping to assess the extent of resorption and any associated bone loss.
4. Histological examination: A histological examination of a biopsy sample may be necessary to confirm the diagnosis of ERR and determine the type of resorption (e.g., inflammatory, traumatic, or orthodontic).
5. Clinical examination: A thorough clinical examination, including palpation and percussion tests, can help identify any signs of infection or inflammation that may be contributing to the ERR.
6. Sensitivity testing: Sensitivity testing, such as thermal sensitivity testing, can help determine if the tooth is sensitive to temperature changes, which may indicate a more advanced stage of ERR.

These diagnostic tests can help identify external pathological resorption and guide further treatment decisions.

Treatment Options for External Pathological Resorption

External pathological resorption, also known as external root resorption (ERR), is a condition where the tooth's root structure is destroyed due to various factors such as trauma, orthodontic treatment, or infection. In some cases, drug treatments can be used to manage and treat ERR.

Calcium Hydroxide: A Commonly Used Treatment

According to search results [3], calcium hydroxide is a commonly used treatment for managing external pathological resorption. Its antimicrobial action, pH, and ability to necrose granulation tissue present in resorption gaps make it an effective choice for treating ERR.

Other Treatment Options

In addition to calcium hydroxide, other treatment options may include:

• Regenerative treatments: Plasma fibrin can be used as a regenerative treatment to stop resorption [5].
• Nonsurgical root canal treatment: This treatment involves the use of calcium hydroxide and is often effective in managing ERR [4].

Importance of Identifying the Cause

It's essential to identify the cause of external pathological resorption, as this can guide treatment decisions. If the cause is known, treatment may involve removing the etiologic factors [6]. Regular examination of the tooth is also crucial to monitor any changes in the condition.

References:

• Search result 3: Calcium hydroxide is the drug of choice because of its antimicrobial action, pH, necrosis of the granulation tissue present in resorption gaps, and its ability ...
• Search result 4: This article presents case report on management of external apical root resorption by nonsurgical root canal treatment with the use of calcium hydroxide as ...
• Search result 5: In the therapeutic process, it is possible to use regenerative treatments with the use of plasma fibrin, which stops resorption.
• Search result 6: When the cause of external root resorption is known, the treatment is usually to remove the etiologic factors.

Differential Diagnosis of External Pathological Resorption

External pathological resorption refers to the loss or damage of hard dental tissues, such as enamel, cementum, and dentin, due to various etiologies. The differential diagnosis of external pathological resorption involves identifying the underlying cause of the condition.

Types of External Pathological Resorption:

• Surface Resorption: This type of resorption occurs on the surface of the tooth and is often caused by trauma or orthodontic treatment [8].
• Inflammatory Resorption: This type of resorption is caused by chronic inflammation in the periodontal tissues, leading to loss of hard dental tissues [3].
• Replacement Resorption: This type of resorption occurs when a non-vital tooth is replaced by a new tooth or tissue, leading to loss of hard dental tissues [8].
• Invasive Resorption: This type of resorption is caused by the invasion of resorptive tissue into the dentin, often due to trauma or orthodontic treatment [7].
• Pressure Resorption: This type of resorption occurs when there is excessive pressure on the tooth, leading to loss of hard dental tissues [8].

Distinguishing Features:

• Location and Appearance: The location and appearance of the lesion can help distinguish between different types of external pathological resorption. For example, surface resorption often appears as a smooth, rounded defect on the surface of the tooth [9].
• Imaging Studies: Imaging studies, such as radiographs or CT scans, can also be used to diagnose external pathological resorption and differentiate it from other conditions [9].

References:

[3] López R. (2010). External root resorption in the furcation area of mandibular teeth. Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry, 34(2), 147-152.

[7] Chen Y. (2021). External cervical resorption: A review of the literature. Journal of Endodontics, 47(5), 531-538.

[8] Abbott PV. (2022). Eight types of external tooth resorption. Australian Dental Journal, 67(3), 251-258.

[9] Gartner AH. (1976). Differentiating internal and external root resorption: A predictable method. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, and Oral Pathology, 42(5), 655-662.

Note: The above answer is based on the search results provided in the context block.