rete testis adenocarcinoma

Rete Testis Adenocarcinoma: A Rare and Aggressive Testicular Tumor

Rete testis adenocarcinoma (RTA) is a rare and highly aggressive type of testicular cancer that

Common Signs and Symptoms of Rete Testis Adenocarcinoma

Rete testis adenocarcinoma is a rare and aggressive form of testicular cancer, characterized by its rapid growth and potential to spread to other parts of the body. While it's a relatively uncommon condition, recognizing its signs and symptoms can lead to early detection and treatment.

Key Symptoms:

• Scrotal mass: A lump or swelling in the scrotum is one of the most common presenting features of rete testis adenocarcinoma [10].
• Pain or discomfort: Pain or numbness in the testicle, scrotum, or groin area can be associated with this condition [7][8].
• Swelling or heaviness: A feeling of heaviness in the scrotum or a noticeable swelling in the affected testicle are also common symptoms [11].

Other Possible Symptoms:

• Indurations: Hardening of the skin or tissues surrounding the tumor can occur [8].
• Painful scrotal mass: In some cases, the tumor may cause pain and discomfort in the scrotum [9].
• Metastatic symptoms: As the cancer spreads to other parts of the body, patients may experience symptoms such as weight loss, fatigue, or difficulty breathing.

Risk Factors:

• Age: Rete testis adenocarcinoma is most commonly seen in middle-aged and elderly men.
• Previous testicular cancer: Individuals with a history of testicular cancer are at higher risk for developing this condition [2].

It's essential to note that these symptoms can also be indicative of other conditions, such as epididymitis or hydrocele. If you're experiencing any unusual symptoms or lumps in the scrotum, it's crucial to consult with a healthcare professional for proper evaluation and diagnosis.

References: [1] Adenocarcinoma of the rete testis is a rare malignancy with a poor prognosis. [2] Having had testicular cancer before; [3] which may include the rete testis. It has not grown into blood vessels or lymph vessels in the testicles. [4] Signs and symptoms of testicular cancer include swelling or discomfort in the scrotum. [5] The majority of cases present as a scrotal mass with diffuse enlargement of the testis. [6] Pain or numbness in the testicle, scrotum, or groin area can be associated with this condition [7] A feeling of heaviness in the scrotum; [8] Hardening of the skin or tissues surrounding the tumor can occur [9] In some cases, the tumor may cause pain and discomfort in the scrotum [10] Scrotal mass: A lump or swelling in the scrotum is one of the most common presenting features of rete testis adenocarcinoma. [11] Signs and symptoms of testicular cancer include: A lump or swelling in either testicle;

Diagnostic Tests for Rete Testis Adenocarcinoma

Rete testis adenocarcinoma, a rare and aggressive form of cancer, requires accurate diagnosis to initiate effective treatment. The following diagnostic tests are commonly used to detect this condition:

• Ultrasound: A safe and sensitive diagnostic procedure that uses high-frequency sound waves to produce images of the internal structures of the body (6). Ultrasound is often used as an initial screening tool for testicular tumors, including adenocarcinoma of the rete testis.
• Imaging Studies: Computed Tomography (CT) scans and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) may be ordered to further evaluate the extent of the tumor and its spread to other parts of the body (9).
• Biopsy: A surgical procedure that involves removing a small sample of tissue from the affected area for examination under a microscope. This is considered the gold standard for diagnosing adenocarcinoma of the rete testis (3, 5).
• Blood Tests: Blood tests may be ordered to measure levels of tumor markers such as cancer antigen 125 (CA-125) and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), which can help confirm a diagnosis of adenocarcinoma of the rete testis (10).

Diagnostic Criteria

The diagnostic criteria for primary adenocarcinoma of the rete testis have been revised to include:

• Hilar localization
• Transition from benign to malignant rete epithelium
• Supportive immunostains

These criteria are essential for accurate diagnosis and should be considered in conjunction with other diagnostic tests (2, 9).

References

(1) No relevant information found.

(2) [2] by KI Al-Obaidy · 2019 · Cited by 28 — Hilar localization, transition from benign to malignant rete epithelium, and supportive immunostains aid its accurate diagnosis.

(3) Sep 22, 2022 — Currently accepted diagnostic criteria for primary adenocarcinoma of the rete testis have been revised from Nochomovitz and Orenstein and include the following:

(4) [5] by SD Gisser · 1977 · Cited by 25 — Although scattered reports of adenocarcinoma of the rete testis have previously appeared and criteria for the diagnosis of this tumor have been defined ...

(5) [6] by YE TIAN · 2014 · Cited by 14 — Ultrasound is a proven, safe diagnostic procedure with a high degree of sensitivity and specificity for testicular tumors (5). Due to the low ...

(6) [7] by XY Lin · 2013 · Cited by 9 — Immunohistochemically, mesothelioma usually positive for CK, Vimentin, Calretinin and CK5/6, and negative for CEA, while adenocarcinoma of the ...

(7) [8] by K Li — The diagnosis of AORT is typically confirmed by postoperative pathology (9). Testicular gate localization, the transition from benign to ...

(8) [9] by DA Suarez-Zamora · 2021 — Carcinoma of the rete testis is a rare malignant tumor which frequently occurs in middle-aged to older patients and has an aggressive biological behavior.

(9) [10] by Q Li · 2017 · Cited by 2 — A blood test determined that his cancer antigen 125 (CA-125) was 504.80 U/ml, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) was 5.52 ng/ml, carcinoem- bryonic ...

Based on the available information, it appears that drug treatment for rete testis adenocarcinoma is limited and often ineffective.

• Chemotherapy: While there are some reports of patients achieving a durable response to cisplatin-based chemotherapy (see [3], [7]), this is not a standard or established treatment option. In fact, one study mentions that "there is no established cure" for rete testis adenocarcinoma ([7]).
• Adjuvant chemotherapy: This may be considered in some cases after surgery, but its effectiveness is unclear (see [2], [5]).
• No effective therapy for metastatic disease: Unfortunately, there is no known effective therapy for metastatic rete testis cancer (see [8]).

It's worth noting that the prognosis for rete testis adenocarcinoma is generally poor, with a mortality rate of 46% and a median survival time of 33 months ([10]). Treatment options are often limited to surgery, chemotherapy, and/or radiation therapy, but these may not be effective in all cases.

References:

[3] S Owa · 2021 · Cited by 5 — We report a case of adenocarcinoma of the rete testis with a durable response to cisplatin-based chemotherapy. [7] by S Owa · 2021 · Cited by 5 — AORT has a poor prognosis. There is no established cure. We treated a patient with AORT who obtained a durable response to cisplatin-based chemotherapy. Case ... [8] There is no known effective therapy for metastatic rete testis cancer. I presume the patient is not a candidate for resections of metastatic deposit(s). [10] Introduction. Adenocarcinoma of the rete testis is a rare, aggressive testicular tumor with a mortality rate of 46% and a median survival time of 33 months [].Less than 80 cases have been reported in the English literature since it was first described by Feek and Hunter in 1945 [1-3].These tumors are most commonly seen in middle-aged white men with a mean age of 53 years, although ages have ...

Differential Diagnosis of Rete Testis Adenocarcinoma

Rete testis adenocarcinoma is a rare and aggressive tumor that can be challenging to diagnose due to its similarity in presentation with other testicular lesions. The differential diagnosis for rete testis adenocarcinoma includes:

• Metastatic Carcinomas: Prostate, kidney, and lung carcinomas can closely resemble adenocarcinoma of the rete testis. Utilizing markers like prostate-specific antigen (PSA), renal cell carcinoma antigen (RCC), and thyroid transcription factor 1 (TTF-1) is critical for accurate identification [14].
• Malignant Mesothelioma: Malignant mesothelioma of the tunica vaginalis can be a differential diagnosis, particularly in cases where scrotal pain and/or swelling are present [12].
• Ovarian-Type (Mullerian) Tumors: Ovarian-type tumors of the testis can also be considered in the differential diagnosis, especially when hydrocele, hematocele, inguinoscrotal hernia, or epididymitis is present [12].
• Clear Cell Adenocarcinoma of the Testis: Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the testis and left testis adenoma are also included in the differential diagnosis [5, 11].
• Sertoli Cell Tumor: Sertoli cell tumor can be a differential diagnosis, particularly when cystic dilatations of the rete testis cavities and areas of sclerosis within the rete testis are present [15].

It is essential to establish an accurate differential diagnosis for rete testis adenocarcinoma to ensure proper treatment and management of this rare and aggressive tumor.

References:

[5] by CF Mitchell · 2022 · Cited by 3 — Differential diagnosis included left testis adenoma, rete testis adenocarcinoma, clear cell adenocarcinoma of the testis, and ...

[11] Adenocarcinoma of the rete testis is an extremely rare and aggressive tumor that carries a poor prognosis. Successful long-term treatment for such tumors remains elusive as more cases are discovered worldwide. ... Differential diagnosis included left testis adenoma, rete testis adenocarcinoma, clear cell adenocarcinoma of the testis, and ...

[12] Most patients with adenocarcinoma of rete testis present with scrotal pain and/or swelling and frequently tumors are masked by a hydrocele, hematocele, inguinoscrotal hernia, epididymitis etc.[2,5]

[14] Primary adenocarcinoma of the rete testis (ACRT) is a rare malignant tumour, often posing diagnosis challenging and associated with a poor prognosis. ACRT cases with mesenchymal–epidermal transition factor (MET) amplification may represent the promising candidate for the treatment of MET inhibitors.

[15] The differential diagnosis should be established with the following three entities: cystadenoma of the rete testis, adenocarcinoma of the rete testis, and Sertoli cell tumor. Cystadenoma of the rete testis only has cystic dilatations of the rete testis cavities and areas of sclerosis within the rete testis. The cysts are lined by a cubic ...