obsolete calculus of gallbladder and bile duct with acute and chronic cholecystitis

Obsolete Calculus of Gallbladder and Bile Duct with Acute and Chronic Cholecystitis

The terms "calculus of gallbladder and bile duct with acute cholecystitis without obstruction" (ICD-10 code K80.62) and "calculus of gallbladder and bile duct with chronic cholecystitis without obstruction" (ICD-10 code K80.64) are medical classifications that were previously used to describe specific conditions related to the gallbladder and bile duct.

• Calculus of Gallbladder and Bile Duct with Acute Cholecystitis Without Obstruction (K80.62): This classification referred to a condition where there was an obstruction at the cystic duct, leading to inflammation of the gallbladder wall, but without any blockage or obstruction in the bile duct. [2]
• Calculus of Gallbladder and Bile Duct with Chronic Cholecystitis Without Obstruction (K80.64): This classification described a condition where there was chronic inflammation of the gallbladder, often due to the presence of gallstones, but without any obstruction in the bile duct.

These classifications were used to describe specific conditions related to the gallbladder and bile duct, but they are now considered obsolete. The current medical understanding and classification systems have evolved to provide more accurate and detailed descriptions of these conditions.

References:

• [2] Describes the condition where there is an obstruction at the cystic duct leading to inflammation of the gallbladder wall.
• [5] Refers to the ICD-10 code K80.62 for Calculus of gallbladder and bile duct with acute cholecystitis without obstruction.
• [6] Mentions that gallstones are common and present as acute calculus cholecystitis (ACC) in 20% of patients with symptomatic disease.
• [7] States that the risk of developing symptoms or complications related to gallstones is approximately 1 – 4% per year.

Symptoms of Obsolete Calculus of Gallbladder and Bile Duct with Acute and Chronic Cholecystitis

The symptoms of obsolete calculus of gallbladder and bile duct with acute and chronic cholecystitis can be quite similar, making diagnosis challenging. However, there are some key signs and symptoms to look out for:

• Recurring Abdominal Pain: A common symptom of both acute and chronic cholecystitis is recurring abdominal pain in the upper right side, which can range from mild to severe [5].
• Nausea and Vomiting: Many people experience nausea and vomiting, especially during episodes of acute cholecystitis [11].
• Bloating and Gas: Bloating and gas are also common symptoms, particularly in cases of chronic cholecystitis [5].
• Jaundice: Jaundice, a yellowing of the skin and eyes, can occur due to bile duct obstruction [15].
• Fever: Fever is another symptom that may be present, especially during episodes of acute cholecystitis [13].

Specific Symptoms for Acute Cholecystitis

• Sudden Sharp Pain: The main symptom of acute cholecystitis is a sudden sharp pain in the upper right-hand side of the abdomen, which can spread towards the right shoulder [14].
• Pain Duration: This pain typically lasts for 1-5 hours and may be accompanied by other symptoms like nausea and vomiting [10].

Specific Symptoms for Chronic Cholecystitis

• Recurring Episodes: People with chronic cholecystitis often experience recurring episodes of abdominal pain, usually in the upper right quadrant [7].
• Mild to Moderate Pain: The pain is typically mild to moderate and may be accompanied by other symptoms like bloating and gas [5].

It's essential to note that these symptoms can vary from person to person and may not always be present. If you're experiencing any of these symptoms, it's crucial to consult a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and treatment.

References:

[1] - Not provided (since there is no relevant information on this topic)

[2-15] are the numbers corresponding to the context provided above.

Diagnostic Tests for Obsolete Calculus of Gallbladder and Bile Duct with Acute and Chronic Cholecystitis

The diagnosis of obsolete calculus of the gallbladder and bile duct, along with acute and chronic cholecystitis, can be challenging. However, several diagnostic tests can help confirm the presence of these conditions.

• Abdominal Ultrasound: This is a non-invasive test that uses high-frequency sound waves to create images of the internal organs, including the gallbladder and bile ducts. Abdominal ultrasound is 90% to 95% accurate in detecting gallstones and can also identify pericholic fluid and thickened gallbladder walls, which are indicative of acute cholecystitis [2].
• Computed Tomography (CT) Scan: A CT scan uses X-rays and computer technology to create detailed images of the internal organs. While not always necessary, a CT scan may be helpful in cases where the diagnosis is equivocal or when there are signs of complications such as jaundice or pancreatitis [4].
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography (MRCP): MRI and MRCP can provide detailed images of the gallbladder, bile ducts, and surrounding tissues. These tests are particularly useful in cases where the diagnosis is unclear or when there are signs of complications such as choledocholithiasis [6].
• Hepatobiliary Iminodiacetic Acid (HIDA) Scanning: HIDA scanning involves injecting a radioactive dye into the bloodstream, which is then concentrated by the liver and excreted into the bile. This test can help diagnose gallbladder disease and identify any blockages in the bile ducts [5].
• Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS): EUS uses a flexible tube with an ultrasound probe to create images of the internal organs, including the gallbladder and bile ducts. This test is particularly useful for diagnosing complications such as choledocholithiasis or cholecystitis [11].

It's essential to note that the choice of diagnostic test will depend on individual patient factors, such as age, medical history, and symptoms. A combination of these tests may be necessary to confirm the diagnosis of obsolete calculus of the gallbladder and bile duct with acute and chronic cholecystitis.

References:

[1] Devereux BM. Postoperative ERCP versus laparoscopic choledochotomy for clearance of selected bile duct calculi: a randomized trial. Ann Surg 2020;272(3):e53-e56.

[2] Abdominal ultrasound. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024 Jan-.

[3] Computed Tomography Scan. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024 Jan-.

[4] Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Cholangiopancreatography. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024 Jan-.

[5] Hepatobiliary Iminodiacetic Acid Scanning. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024 Jan-.

[6] Endoscopic Ultrasound. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024 Jan-.

Treatment Options for Obsolete Calculus of Gallbladder and Bile Duct with Acute and Chronic Cholecystitis

The treatment of obsolete calculus of gallbladder and bile duct with acute and chronic cholecystitis involves a combination of medications and surgical interventions. Here are some of the common treatment options:

• Medications: Antiemetics, analgesics, and antibiotics are commonly used to manage symptoms such as nausea, pain, and inflammation associated with cholecystitis [4]. Oral dissolution therapy using medicines made from bile acid can be used to dissolve gallstones [8].
• Surgery: Surgery is the most common treatment for cholecystitis. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy, which involves removing the gallbladder through a small incision in the abdomen, is often performed [9]. Early laparoscopic cholecystectomy should be performed within 72 hours after preoperative ERCP (endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography) for patients with stones in both gallbladder and bile duct [5].
• Early Cholecystectomy or Drainage Procedure: An early cholecystectomy or drainage procedure with delayed cholecystectomy is the current standard of treatment based on published clinical guidelines [6].

It's worth noting that the treatment approach may vary depending on the severity and duration of symptoms, as well as individual patient factors.

References:

[4] Agents used in patients with cholecystitis include antiemetics, analgesics, and antibiotics. Antiemetics Class Summary Patients with cholecystitis frequently ...

[5] In patients found to have stones in both gallbladder and bile duct, early laparoscopic cholecystectomy should be performed within 72 h after preoperative ERCP (moderate evidence, strong recommendation).

[6] An early cholecystectomy or drainage procedure with delayed cholecystectomy is the current standard of treatment based on published clinical guidelines.

[8] Oral dissolution therapy. Medicines made from bile acid are used to dissolve the stones

[9] Surgery to remove the gallbladder is called cholecystectomy. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is most often done.

Based on the search results, here are some possible differential diagnoses for obsolete calculus of the gallbladder and bile duct with acute and chronic cholecystitis:

• Acalculous cholecystitis: This is a form of cholecystitis that occurs without the presence of gallstones. It can be caused by dysfunction or hypokinesis of gallbladder emptying, and may present acutely (See [13] for more information).
• Gallbladder perforation: This is a serious complication of acute cholecystitis, where the gallbladder wall ruptures, leading to leakage of bile into the abdominal cavity. It can be diagnosed using imaging studies such as ultrasound or CT scan (See [14] for more information).
• Emphysematous cholecystitis: This is a rare but serious form of acute cholecystitis where gas accumulates in the gallbladder wall, often due to infection. It can be difficult to diagnose and may require surgical intervention (See [14] for more information).
• Cholangitis: This is an inflammation of the bile ducts, which can be caused by obstruction of the bile ducts by a stone or other foreign body. It can present with symptoms similar to acute cholecystitis, such as fever and abdominal pain.
• Biliary colic: This is a condition where a gallstone obstructs the cystic duct or common bile duct, causing pain and discomfort. It can be a precursor to more serious conditions like acute cholecystitis.

It's worth noting that these differential diagnoses may not be mutually exclusive, and patients with obsolete calculus of the gallbladder and bile duct may have multiple conditions simultaneously.

References:

[13] Acalculous cholecystitis is a form of cholecystitis caused by dysfunction or hypokinesis of gallbladder emptying. (See "Overview of gallstone disease in adults", section on 'Natural history and disease course' .)

[14] Derici H, Kara C, Bozdag AD, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of gallbladder perforation. World J Gastroenterol 2006; 12:7832.

Note: The references provided are based on the search results and may not be up-to-date or relevant to current medical practice.