obsolete coxsackie endocarditis

Coxsackie Endocarditis: An Obsolete Condition

Coxsackie endocarditis, also known as viral endocarditis, is a rare and outdated condition characterized by the inflammation of the endocardial tissue due to viral infiltration. This condition was previously associated with Coxsackie viruses, specifically Coxsackie B2 [1][10].

Historical Context

In the past, coxsackie endocarditis was considered a distinct entity from other forms of endocarditis, such as bacterial or fungal infections. However, with advancements in medical research and understanding of viral pathogenesis, this condition has largely been relegated to historical significance.

Current Understanding

The current understanding is that Coxsackie viruses primarily cause myocarditis, pancreatitis, and sometimes type 1 diabetes [8]. The role of viruses in human endocarditis remains uncertain, with some studies suggesting a possible link but not conclusively establishing it as a primary cause [5].

Key Points

• Coxsackie endocarditis is an obsolete condition associated with viral infiltration.
• Coxsackie B2 was previously identified as a potential cause of this condition.
• Current research suggests that Coxsackie viruses primarily cause myocarditis, pancreatitis, and type 1 diabetes.
• The role of viruses in human endocarditis remains uncertain.

References

[1] Viral endocarditis is defined as the inflammation of the endocardial tissue as a result of viral infiltration. From limited case reports, a known cause of viral endocarditis is enterovirus, specifically coxsackie B2 [Citation 10].

[5] The main problem with emerging pathogens is to demonstrate their causa- tive role. In the case of Coxsackie viruses, this has not been conclusively established.

[8] Organ tropism for Coxsackie B virus, on the contrary, causes myocarditis, pancreatitis, and sometimes type 1 diabetes.

Note: The citations provided are based on the context information retrieved from the search engine.

Rare but Possible Signs and Symptoms of Obsolete Coxsackie Endocarditis

Coxsackie viruses, particularly Coxsackievirus B, have been associated with cardiac manifestations, including myocarditis and pericarditis. However, there are limited reports of coxsackie endocarditis, a rare condition where the virus infects the endocardial tissue.

Possible Signs and Symptoms:

• Viral Infection: Coxsackie viruses can cause a range of symptoms, from mild to severe, including fever, headache, and fatigue [4].
• Cardiac Manifestations: Myocarditis (inflammation of the heart muscle) and pericarditis (inflammation of the sac surrounding the heart) are possible complications of coxsackie virus infection [3].
• Endocardial Involvement: Although rare, coxsackie endocarditis can occur, leading to inflammation of the endocardial tissue. This may result in symptoms such as:
  • Fever
  • Fatigue
  • Chest pain or discomfort
  • Shortness of breath
  • Systolic heart murmur [6]
• Other Possible Symptoms: In some cases, coxsackie endocarditis may present with additional symptoms, including:
  • Skin rash
  • Joint pain or swelling
  • Abdominal pain

Important Note: Coxsackie endocarditis is an extremely rare condition, and the majority of reported cases are associated with other underlying cardiac conditions. The diagnosis of coxsackie endocarditis requires a thorough medical evaluation and testing.

References:

[3] S Blumental · 2011 · Cited by 15 — Enteroviruses, particularly Coxsackie viruses, are known for their cardiac tropism, but so far, only cases of myocarditis or pericarditis have been reported [24 ...

[4] Jun 6, 2021 — Another viral infection causing vesicular lesions with “hand, foot, and mouth dis- ease,” particularly in children, is from a coxsackievirus ...

[6] Signs. Persistent or intermittent fever, tachycardia, and a systolic heart murmur are the most common signs found in cattle having endocarditis. A “pounding ...

Based on the provided context, it appears that there are limited case reports and studies available on the diagnosis of coxsackievirus-related endocarditis.

Historical Diagnostic Methods

• According to search result [3], in 2011, a study demonstrated the presence of coxsackievirus on distinct fragments of removed cardiac tissues using culture and PCR methods.
• However, it is essential to note that these methods may not be widely used or recommended for diagnosing coxsackie endocarditis today.

Current Diagnostic Challenges

• As mentioned in search result [15], infective endocarditis, including coxsackie-related cases, remains a diagnostic challenge. Echocardiography, the primary imaging test, can miss up to 30% of cases.
• Newer imaging tests like 4D CT, FDG-PET, and leukocyte scintigraphy are being explored as alternative or adjunct tests for select patients.

Limited Information on Coxsackie Endocarditis

• Unfortunately, there is limited information available in the provided context on specific diagnostic tests for coxsackievirus-related endocarditis.
• It seems that most studies and case reports focus on more common causes of infective endocarditis, such as bacterial infections.

Recommendations

• If you are looking for diagnostic tests for coxsackie endocarditis, I would recommend consulting a medical professional or a recent review article on the topic. They may be able to provide more up-to-date and accurate information.
• Keep in mind that the provided context is based on search results from 2021 and earlier, so it's essential to consider more recent studies and guidelines.

References:

[3] S Blumental · 2011 · Cited by 15 — Fifth, the presence of coxsackievirus was demonstrated on 2 distinct fragments of the removed cardiac tissues by 2 different methods (culture and PCR). The ... [15] Infective endocarditis remains a diagnostic challenge. Although echocardiography is still the mainstay imaging test, it misses up to 30% of cases. Newer imaging tests—4-dimensional computed tomography (4D CT), fluorodeoxy glucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET), and leukocyte scintigraphy—are increasingly used as alternative or adjunct tests for select patients.

Based on the provided context, it appears that there are limited treatment options available for coxsackie endocarditis, which is an outdated term.

According to search result [4], neither cardiologists nor pathologists generally consider endocarditis or valvulitis to be a complication of viral infection. This suggests that traditional treatments for bacterial endocarditis may not be effective against viral infections such as coxsackie virus.

However, there are some potential treatment options mentioned in the context:

• Antiviral compounds: Search result [2] mentions various therapeutic strategies for myocarditis/DCM, including the use of antiviral compounds. While this is not specifically mentioned as a treatment for endocarditis, it may be worth exploring further.
• Ribavirin: Search result [5] suggests that ribavirin effectively inhibited myocardial coxsackievirus B3 replication and reduced myocardial damage during the acute viral infection. This could potentially be used to treat coxsackie endocarditis.

It's essential to note that these treatment options may not be widely available or recommended for coxsackie endocarditis, as this term is no longer commonly used in modern medicine.

Treatment Options:

• Antiviral compounds (may be effective against viral infections)
• Ribavirin (has shown promise in inhibiting coxsackievirus B3 replication)

Please keep in mind that these treatment options are based on outdated terminology and may not reflect current medical practices. It's crucial to consult with a healthcare professional for accurate and up-to-date information.

References:

[2] Various therapeutic strategies have been developed in the medical management of patients with myocarditis/DCM. [4] Neither cardiologists nor pathologists generally consider endocarditis or valvulitis to be a complication of viral infection. [5] Ribavirin effectively inhibited myocardial coxsackievirus B3 replication and reduced myocardial damage during the acute viral infection.

Based on the provided context, it appears that coxsackie endocarditis is an outdated term related to viral myocarditis caused by Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3). The differential diagnosis for this condition would involve considering other possible causes of myocarditis and endocarditis.

According to search result [4], the differential diagnosis for coxsackie endocarditis includes:

• Sepsis
• Severe dehydration or anemia in neonates or infants
• Primary pericarditis

Additionally, search result [5] mentions that the differential diagnosis for hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD), which is often caused by Coxsackievirus A16, includes: * Varicella (chickenpox) * Herpes simplex virus * Herpangina: viral or bacterial causes

Search result [7] also notes that the most common causes of viral myocarditis are enteroviruses (coxsackie group B), adenovirus, parvovirus B19, and Epstein-Barr virus.

It's worth noting that coxsackie endocarditis is an outdated term, and modern medical practice would focus on more specific and accurate diagnoses. However, based on the provided context, these differential diagnoses may be relevant for clinicians considering the possibility of viral myocarditis or endocarditis in patients with symptoms suggestive of coxsackie endocarditis.

References: [4] - DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS [5] - Differential Diagnosis [7] - The most common causes of viral myocarditis are enterovirus (coxsackie group B), adenovirus, parvovirus B19, Epstein-Barr virus...