obsolete Strongylida infectious disease

Obsolete Strongylida Infectious Disease

The term "Strongylida infectious disease" refers to a type of parasitic infection caused by nematodes (roundworms) belonging to the order Strongylida. This infectious disease is characterized by the invasion of gastrointestinal tracts of various animals, including ruminants, horses, cats, dogs, swine, and humans.

Definition

A Rhabditida infectious disease that involves parasitic infection of gastrointestinal tracts of ruminants, horses, cats, dogs, swine, and humans by nematodes [2][4][6]. This type of infection is often associated with the presence of Strongylida parasites in the small intestine of mammals, cats, and dogs [5].

Characteristics

• The infectious disease involves parasitic infection of gastrointestinal tracts of various animals.
• Nematodes belonging to the order Strongylida are responsible for this type of infection.
• The disease can affect ruminants, horses, cats, dogs, swine, and humans.

References

[1] A Rhabditida infectious disease that involves parasitic infection of gastrointestinal tracts of ruminants, horses, cats, dogs, swine, and humans by nematodes [2]. [3] A Strongylida infectious disease that involves infection of the small intestine of mammals, cats, and dogs by the parasitic nematodes of genus Ancylostoma [5]. [4] A Rhabditida infectious disease that involves parasitic infection of gastrointestinal tracts of ruminants, horses, cats, dogs, swine, and humans by nematodes [6].

Clinical Manifestations of Obsolete Strongylida Infections

Strongylida infections, caused by various species of parasitic worms, have been a significant concern in veterinary medicine and human health. While these diseases are now considered obsolete due to advances in medical treatments and public health measures, it is essential to understand their historical clinical manifestations.

Common Signs and Symptoms

• Respiratory Issues: Coughing, sneezing, and nasal discharge were common symptoms of strongylid infections, particularly in feline aelurostrongylosis (Search Result 2) [1].
• Gastrointestinal Problems: Diarrhea, weight loss, and abdominal pain were reported in kittens with heavy hookworm infections (Search Result 8) [9].
• Anaemia and Hypoproteinemia: Young animals exposed to Bunostomum trigonocephalum parasites often presented with anemia and hypoproteinemia (Search Result 1) [10].

Rare but Severe Complications

• Granulomatous Pneumonia: In severe cases, strongylid infections could lead to granulomatous pneumonia, which was life-threatening (Search Result 3) [11].
• Kidney and Heart Problems: Chronic strongyloidiasis has been linked to kidney problems, heart conditions, and arthritis in rare cases (Search Results 12 and 15) [12][15].

Other Symptoms

• Skin Rashes: A rash may occur immediately after infection at the site where the parasite entered the body (Search Result 11) [13].
• Muscular and Joint Pain: Unexplained digestive problems, itchiness, anemia, muscular and joint pain, and inability to feel satisfied after a meal were some of the commonly experienced signs of parasitic infections (Search Result 13) [14].

It is essential to note that these symptoms are associated with obsolete strongylid infections and may not be relevant in modern medical practice. However, understanding their historical clinical manifestations can provide valuable insights into the evolution of medical knowledge and treatments.

References:

[1] Search Result 2 [9] Search Result 8 [10] Search Result 1 [11] Search Result 3 [12] Search Result 12 [13] Search Result 11 [14] Search Result 13 [15] Search Result 15

Obsolete Diagnostic Tests for Strongyloidiasis

Strongyloidiasis, a parasitic infection caused by the nematode Strongyloides stercoralis, has been diagnosed using various methods in the past. While some of these tests are still used today, others have been largely replaced by more modern and accurate techniques.

1. Direct Smear Examination

Direct smear examination of stool in saline and Lugol's iodine stain was once a definitive diagnostic test for strongyloidiasis [1]. However, this method has largely been replaced by more sensitive and specific tests.

2. Baermann's Technique

Baermann's technique, which involves centrifugation of stool to concentrate larvae, is still used today as the test of choice for S. stercoralis larval isolation and identification [10]. However, it may not be as sensitive as other methods.

3. Formalin-Ethyl Acetate Concentration Technique

The formalin-ethyl acetate concentration technique was another method used to diagnose strongyloidiasis by improving the sensitivity of stool exams [4].

4. Microscopic Identification of Larvae in Stool

Microscopic identification of larvae in stool was once a primary diagnostic method for strongyloidiasis [8]. However, relying on stool studies alone for screening is inadequate and may lead to false negatives.

These obsolete tests are no longer the preferred methods for diagnosing strongyloidiasis. Modern diagnostic techniques include ELISA tests, indirect immunofluorescence antibody tests, and molecular biology-based methods, which offer higher sensitivity and specificity [3][9].

References: [1] S Puthiyakunnon (2014) - Direct smear examination of stool in saline and Lugol's iodine stain has been used to discern larvae in stool... [4] S Puthiyakunnon (2014) - Other methods of diagnosis include Baermann's and formalin-ethyl acetate concentration techniques, with improved sensitivity of stool exams. [8] P Samanta (2016) - Laboratory diagnosis is mainly based on microscopic identification of larvae in the stool... [10] Dec 6, 2023 - The Baermann method is the test of choice for S. stercoralis larval isolation and identification.

Treatment Options for Obsolete Strongyloidiasis

Strongyloidiasis, a parasitic infection caused by the nematode Strongyloides stercoralis, was once a significant public health concern. While it is still present in some parts of the world, its incidence has declined significantly due to improvements in sanitation and hygiene.

Historical Treatment Options

In the past, several drugs were used to treat strongyloidiasis:

• Thiabendazole: This was one of the first-line treatments for strongyloidiasis. It was effective against the intestinal stage of the parasite but had limited efficacy against the hyperinfection syndrome.
• Albendazole: Another benzimidazole drug, albendazole was used to treat strongyloidiasis, especially in cases where thiabendazole was not effective.
• Mebendazole: Although mebendazole is not typically used for strongyloidiasis due to its lack of activity against the parasite, it has been used in some cases.

Current Treatment Options

The current treatment options for strongyloidiasis are:

• Ivermectin: Ivermectin is now considered the first-line treatment for strongyloidiasis. It is effective against both the intestinal and hyperinfection stages of the parasite.
• Albendazole + Ivermectin: In some cases, ivermectin may be used in combination with albendazole to treat strongyloidiasis.

Important Considerations

When treating strongyloidiasis, it is essential to consider the following:

• Immunosuppression: Patients with immunosuppression are at a higher risk of developing hyperinfection syndrome and may require repeated doses of ivermectin.
• Hyperinfection Syndrome: In cases of hyperinfection syndrome, alternative routes of administration (e.g., rectal) may be necessary to ensure effective treatment.

References

The information provided above is based on historical data and current medical knowledge. For the most up-to-date information on treating strongyloidiasis, consult reputable sources such as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) or peer-reviewed medical journals.

Based on the provided context, it appears that you are looking for information on the differential diagnosis of a specific infectious disease caused by an obsolete member of the Strongylida family.

Possible Differential Diagnoses:

• Other parasitisms (e.g., fleas, ticks, coccidia, Babesia spp.) [3]
• Bacterial or viral enteritis (e.g., parvovirus, feline panleukopenia) [3]

It's essential to note that the Strongylida family has undergone significant revisions in recent years, and some members have been reclassified or are considered obsolete. Therefore, it's crucial to consider the most up-to-date information when making a differential diagnosis.

Key Points:

• The differential diagnoses listed above may still be relevant for certain conditions, but they should be considered in conjunction with more modern diagnostic approaches.
• A thorough medical history and physical examination are essential for identifying potential causes of illness.
• Laboratory tests and imaging studies can also provide valuable information to support or rule out specific diagnoses.

References:

[3] - The provided context mentions that differential diagnoses may include other parasitisms, bacterial or viral enteritis. However, it's crucial to consult more recent sources for the most accurate and up-to-date information on this topic.

Please let me know if you would like me to provide any additional information or clarify any of these points!