obsolete diabetic oculopathy

Diabetic Oculopathy: An Obsolete Term

Diabetic oculopathy, also referred to as disorder of eye co-occurrent and due to type 2 diabetes mellitus (IS), is an outdated term that was previously used to describe a group of eye disorders associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus. This condition is now more commonly referred to by other names, such as diabetic oculopathy associated with type II diabetes mellitus or disorder of eye due to type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Characteristics and Symptoms

Diabetic oculopathy was characterized by a range of eye disorders, including:

• Diabetic retinopathy: damage to the blood vessels in the retina
• Cataract: clouding of the lens in the eye
• Glaucoma: increased pressure in the eye that can damage the optic nerve
• Ocular surface diseases: conditions affecting the outer layer of the eye

Symptoms of diabetic oculopathy may have included:

• Blurred vision or loss of vision
• Eye pain or discomfort
• Sensitivity to light
• Floaters or flashes in the eye

Current Understanding and Treatment

The current understanding and treatment of diabetic-related eye disorders have evolved significantly. Diabetic retinopathy, for example, is now recognized as a leading cause of blindness among people 20-64 years old in the U.S.

Treatment options for diabetic oculopathy may have included:

• Tight control of blood glucose levels
• Blood pressure management
• Laser therapy or surgery to treat retinopathy and other complications

References

1. Diabetic oculopathy associated with type II diabetes mellitus (422099009) [Context 11]
2. Disorder of eye co-occurrent and due to type 2 diabetes mellitus (IS) [Context 1]
3. Diabetic retinopathy is the most well-known ocular complication of diabetes and the leading cause of blindness among people 20–64 years of age in the U.S. () [Context 15]

Based on the provided context, it appears that there are various signs and symptoms associated with diabetic oculopathy. Here are some of them:

• Unilateral ptosis: This is a condition where one eyelid droops or falls, often accompanied by exotropia (a type of eye misalignment). [10]
• Eyelid retraction: This can be seen in conditions such as Thyroid-Associated Orbitopathy (TAO) and Trigeminal Autonomic Cephalalgia (TAC), but not specifically mentioned in the context for diabetic oculopathy. However, it is worth noting that eyelid manifestations of other conditions like Ocular Myasthenia Gravis (OMG) include unilateral eyelid retraction and orbicularis weakness. [2]
• Proptosis: This refers to a bulging or protruding eye, which can be seen in conditions such as Thyroid-Associated Orbitopathy (TAO), Trigeminal Autonomic Cephalalgia (TAC), and other orbital and periorbital tissue involvement. [4], [5]
• Diplopia: This is a condition where double vision occurs, which can be seen in conditions such as Thyroid-Associated Orbitopathy (TAO) and Trigeminal Autonomic Cephalalgia (TAC). [5]
• Lid retraction may be seen with contralateral ptosis: As mentioned earlier, this is a condition where one eyelid droops or falls, while the other eyelid retracts. This can be seen in conditions such as Ocular Myasthenia Gravis (OMG). [2]

It's essential to note that these signs and symptoms may not be specific to diabetic oculopathy but are rather associated with various other conditions affecting the eyes.

References: [1] - Not applicable [2] - The clinical signs include hyperemia and edema of the lids and conjunctiva, incomplete lid closure, palpable swelling of the lacrimal glands, extrusion of fat ... [3] - Not applicable [4] - by E Şahlı · 2017 · Cited by 151 — The clinical manifestations of TAO can be evaluated under the headings of soft tissue inflammation, eyelid retraction, proptosis, restrictive myopathy, and ... [5] - by A Scarabosio · 2024 · Cited by 4 — TED affects the orbital and periorbital tissues, leading to a range of symptoms including proptosis (bulging eyes), eyelid retraction, diplopia (double vision), ... [10] - To minimize the risk of diabetic eye problems, it is essential to maintain good blood sugar control.

Based on the provided context, it appears that there are several diagnostic tests associated with diabetic retinopathy and other ocular complications of diabetes. Here are some relevant tests mentioned:

• Hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) test: This blood test shows average blood sugar level over 2-3 months [3].
• Schimer's test, TFMH test, and TBUT scores were noted in a study related to dry eye syndrome, which is also associated with diabetes [7].
• Seidel test: This test assesses aqueous humor leakage through a defect in the cornea or sclera from the anterior chamber [10].

However, it seems that these tests are not specifically mentioned as obsolete. The only mention of an "obsolete" condition is related to diabetic oculopathy, which is considered an outdated term for ocular complications associated with diabetes.

If you're looking for information on diagnostic tests for diabetic retinopathy or other ocular complications of diabetes, the following points might be relevant:

• Teleretinal screening: This method has been compared to face-to-face examination for detection of diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration [9].
• Optical Coherence Tomography-angiography (OCTA): A recent study using OCTA has shown focal areas of superficial and deep retinal capillary non-perfusion in patients with diabetic retinopathy [11].

Please note that the context provided does not specifically mention diagnostic tests for obsolete diabetic oculopathy. If you could provide more information or clarify your question, I'd be happy to try and assist further.

References:

[3] Context 3 [7] Context 7 [9] Context 9 [10] Context 10 [11] Context 11

Treatment Options for Diabetic Retinopathy

Diabetic retinopathy, a complication of diabetes, can be treated with various medications and therapies to prevent vision loss. The following are some treatment options for diabetic retinopathy:

• Anti-VEGF Medications: Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) medications, such as ranibizumab (Lucentis), aflibercept (Eylea), and bevacizumab (Avastin), are commonly used to treat diabetic retinopathy. These medications block the growth of abnormal blood vessels and reduce swelling in the retina [5][13].
• Steroid Medications: Steroid medications, such as corticosteroids, can also be used to reduce inflammation and swelling in the retina [11].
• Laser Therapy: Laser therapy, including panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) and focal laser treatment, is another treatment option for diabetic retinopathy. This therapy helps to reduce the growth of abnormal blood vessels and improve vision [6].

Important Considerations

It's essential to note that early detection and treatment of diabetic retinopathy can significantly improve outcomes. Managing diabetes through healthy eating, physical activity, and medication adherence can also help prevent or slow the progression of diabetic retinopathy.

References:

[5] - Anti-VEGF medications block a protein responsible for the growth of abnormal blood vessels and stop vessels from leaking [5]. [11] - Anti-VEGF medication helps reduce swelling of the macula, slowing vision loss and perhaps improving vision [11]. [13] - Three drugs are approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for treatment of diabetic macular edema — faricimab-svoa (Vabysmo), ranibizumab (Lucentis) and aflibercept (Eylea) [13].

Based on the provided context, it appears that you are looking for information on the differential diagnosis of a condition related to diabetes and its effects on the eyes.

The differential diagnosis for this condition is often confused with other eye-related conditions such as:

• Central Retinal Vein Occlusion (CRVO)
• Diabetic retinopathy
• Ocular ischemic syndrome (OIS)

Some key features that help differentiate these conditions include:

• Low retinal artery pressure in eyes with OIS, which is not typically seen in CRVO or diabetic retinopathy [12][13]
• Dilated but not tortuous veins in OIS, unlike CRVO where the veins are both dilated and tortuous [12]
• Vision loss that is typically acute in CRVO and chronic in diabetic retinopathy and OIS [12]

It's worth noting that the differential diagnosis for this condition can be challenging due to its variable presentations. However, by considering these key features, healthcare professionals may be able to make a more accurate diagnosis.

References:

[12] Context result 12 [13] Context result 13