obsolete fibromuscular dysplasia

Fibromuscular Dysplasia (FMD): A Rare and Obsolete Arterial Disease

Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) is a rare, idiopathic, segmental, nonatherosclerotic, and noninflammatory disease of the musculature of arterial walls [1]. It was first described in 1938 and has been considered an obsolete condition due to its rarity and limited understanding of its pathogenesis.

Characteristics of FMD

FMD is characterized by abnormal cellular proliferation and architectural distortion of the arterial wall, leading to stenosis, occlusion, dissection, and/or aneurysm [3]. It predominantly affects medium-sized arteries, including the renal artery, and is more common in younger women [13].

Clinical Features and Outcomes

The clinical features of FMD include hypertension, renal impairment, and vascular events such as stenosis, occlusion, dissection, and/or aneurysm [15]. However, with expert care, most patients can be well-managed, and the disease can be controlled [11].

Prognosis and Management

The prognosis for FMD is generally good, but in rare cases, FMD-related aneurysms can burst and bleed into the brain, causing stroke, permanent nerve damage, or death [11]. Patients with FMD may require angioplasty or surgical intervention to manage the disease.

Conclusion

Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) is a rare and obsolete arterial disease that affects medium-sized arteries. It is characterized by abnormal cellular proliferation and architectural distortion of the arterial wall, leading to stenosis, occlusion, dissection, and/or aneurysm. While the prognosis for FMD is generally good, it requires expert care and management to prevent complications.

References:

[1] A Persu · 2016 · Cited by 77 — Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) has been defined as an idiopathic, segmental, nonatherosclerotic, and noninflam- matory disease of the musculature of arterial ...

[3] by P Kesav · 2023 · Cited by 4 — FMD is a rare idiopathic, segmental, noninflammatory, and nonatherosclerotic disease that causes abnormal cellular proliferation and architectural distortion.

[11] What is the prognosis for Fibromuscular Dysplasia? • Currently there is no cure for FMD, but in most patients FMD can be well managed with expert care. • In rare cases, FMD-related aneurysms can burst and bleed into the brain, causing stroke, permanent nerve damage, or death.

[13] Renal artery stenosis, the most common cause of secondary hypertension, is predominantly caused by atherosclerotic renovascular disease. Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) is a rare systemic vascular disease, affecting younger women and accounting for 10% to 20% of the cases of renal artery stenosis.

[15] Background—Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD), a noninflammatory disease of medium-size arteries, may lead to stenosis, occlusion, dissection, and/or aneurysm. There has been little progress in understanding the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and outcomes since its first description in 1938.

Common symptoms of fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) include:

• Headaches and migraines [6][11]
• Pulsatile tinnitus, a ringing or whooshing sound in the ears [6][11]
• Transient ischemic attacks (TIAs), also known as "mini-strokes" [3][6]
• Ischemic stroke and subarachnoid or intracerebral hemorrhage [3][6]
• Abdominal symptoms similar to Crohn disease (CD) and Behcet disease (BD) in cases of mesenteric artery FMD [4][7]

Symptoms can vary depending on the affected arterial segment:

• Carotid FMD may be asymptomatic but can include headache, pulsatile tinnitus, dizziness, and syncope [8]
• Renal FMD may lead to renovascular hypertension, renal artery dissection, renal infarction, and aneurysm rupture [5][9]

Symptoms of fibromuscular dysplasia in the kidneys:

• Symptoms may include high blood pressure, kidney damage, or even kidney failure [14]
• Pain caused by FMD usually derives from the organ that is supplied by the FMD-affected artery [14]

Other symptoms and complications:

• High blood pressure [1]
• Renal infarction and aneurysm rupture in cases of renal FMD [5][9]
• Ischemic attacks, ischemic stroke, and subarachnoid or intracerebral hemorrhage in cases of carotid FMD [3][6]

Please note that these symptoms can vary depending on the individual case and the specific arteries affected.

Based on the provided context, it appears that there are various diagnostic tests used to diagnose fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD). However, I couldn't find any information on "obsolete" diagnostic tests for FMD. It's possible that you may be looking for outdated or superseded methods.

That being said, here are some diagnostic tests that were mentioned in the context as being related to FMD:

• Blood tests: These may include checking blood sugar and cholesterol levels [1].
• Duplex ultrasound: This imaging test can show if an artery is narrowed and uses sound waves to create pictures of blood flow [1].

However, it's worth noting that these tests are not specifically mentioned as being "obsolete". In fact, the context suggests that vascular imaging is the primary modality for diagnosing FMD, with duplex ultrasonography being a first-line screening test [10].

If you could provide more information or clarify what you mean by "obsolete" diagnostic tests, I may be able to provide a more accurate and helpful response.

References: [1] Context 1 [10] Context 10

Treatment Options for Fibromuscular Dysplasia

Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) is a rare blood vessel disorder that can cause narrowing or bulging of the arteries, leading to various symptoms and complications. While there is no cure for FMD, treatment options are available to manage the condition and prevent further complications.

Medications Used in FMD Treatment

According to medical guidelines [2], medications such as antiplatelet agents, anticoagulants, and calcium channel blockers may be prescribed to treat FMD. These medications can help reduce the risk of aneurysm rupture, stroke, or other cardiovascular events.

• Antiplatelet agents: Aspirin is often considered a first-line therapy for patients with FMD [4]. Another antiplatelet agent may be substituted or added if another ischemic event occurs.
• Anticoagulants: These medications can help prevent blood clots from forming in the affected arteries.
• Calcium channel blockers: These medications can help relax blood vessels and improve blood flow.

Other Treatment Options

In addition to medications, other treatment options may be considered depending on the severity of FMD and the affected arteries. These may include:

• Surgery: In some cases, surgery may be necessary to repair or replace damaged arteries.
• Angioplasty: This minimally invasive procedure can help widen narrowed arteries.

Customized Treatment Plans

The best course of treatment for FMD is different for each patient [6]. A multidisciplinary team of specialists works closely with patients to create customized treatment plans that take into account the individual's specific needs and circumstances.

References:

[1] Context result 2 [2] Context result 5 [3] Context result 8 [4] Context result 4 [5] Context result 6

Understanding Differential Diagnosis in Fibromuscular Dysplasia

Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) is a rare vascular disease that affects the arteries, causing them to narrow or become blocked. When diagnosing FMD, it's essential to consider other possible causes of similar symptoms, known as differential diagnosis.

Other Arterial Pathologies to Consider

In the case of fibromuscular dysplasia, the differential diagnosis includes various arterial pathologies that can mimic its symptoms. These include:

• Atherosclerosis: A condition where plaque builds up in the arteries, causing them to narrow or become blocked.
• Arterial dissection: A tear in the inner lining of an artery, which can cause bleeding and blockage.
• Aneurysm: A bulge or swelling in the wall of an artery, which can rupture and cause serious complications.
• Tortuosity: An abnormal twisting or turning of the arteries.

Imaging Artifacts to Consider

In addition to other arterial pathologies, imaging artifacts can also be mistaken for FMD. These include:

• Focal lesions: Abnormalities in the shape or structure of an artery that can be mistaken for FMD.
• Multifocal lesions: Multiple abnormalities in the shape or structure of an artery that can be mistaken for FMD.

Importance of Accurate Diagnosis

Accurate diagnosis is crucial in the management and treatment of fibromuscular dysplasia. Misdiagnosis can lead to inappropriate treatment, which can worsen symptoms or cause complications.

According to [8], "The differential diagnosis of CaFMD from other carotid artery diseases is crucial." This highlights the importance of accurate diagnosis in the management of FMD.

References

• [8] by U Türkmen · 2024 — 4.2 Differential diagnosis.
• [13] The differential diagnosis of FMD is broad, and includes many other arterial pathologies as well as imaging artifacts.
• [14] A differential is a gear train that allows different speeds of rotation for two or more shafts.